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LIU & ASSOCIATES, INC.
Geotechnical Engineering Engineering Geology Earth Science
April 8, 2003
Mr. Dan King
7812 — 175d'Street SW R4� E D
Edmonds, WA 98020
APR 16 2003
Dear Mr. King: PERMIT COUNTER
ject: Geotechnical Investigation
Sub
Addition to Dan King Residence
CIT r
7812 — 175h Street SW ."Ut AL
Edmonds, Washington
L&A Job No. 3AO 17
INTRODUCTION
We have completed a geotechnical investigation for the proposed addition to the your residence
located at 7812 — 175th Street SW in Edmonds, Washington. The general location of the residence is
shown on Plate I — Vicinity Map. The purpose of this investigation is to characterize the subsufface
ject residence site and provide geotechnical recommendations for slope
conditions of the sub
stabilization, building setback from top of steep slope, site grading, surface and ground water
or the proposed addition to the residence.
control, erosion abatement, foundation design, etc., f
Presented in this report are our findings and recommendations.
PROJECT DESCRIPTION
For our use in this investigation, you provided us with a copy of undated Topographic Survey Ian of your
property with the location of the existing residence and proposed addition shown on the plan. We understand
that the existing residence is a one-story, wood -framed structure with a basement, supported on
perimeter concrete stemwalls and footings and interior posts and footings. The basement is below
grade along the front (north side) and day -lighted along the back (south side). The garage is located
at the southwest comer of the residence at the basement level. We understand that the proposed
19213 Kenlake Place NE Kenmore, Washington 98028
Phone (425) 483-9134 Fax (426) 486-2746
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April 8, 2003
Dan King Residence Addition
L&A Job No. 3A01 7
Page 2
addition will be a two-story, wood -framed structure with a footprint of 20 feet by 32 feet, abutting
the west end and flush with the south side of the existing residence.
SCOPE OF SERVICES
The achieve the purpose of this study, our scope of services specifically comprises the following:
1. Review the geologic and soil conditions at the residence site based on a published geologic
map.
2. Visit the residence and observe the surface conditions of the residence site.
3. Provide recommendations for building setback form top of steep slope, site grading,
drainage control, slope stability enhancement, and foundation design or
building.
4. Prepare a written report to present our findings, conclusions, and recommendations.
SITE CONDITIONS
SURFACE CONDITIONS
The residence site is located on the crest of a steep, southerly -to -southwesterly declining slope
descending to a deep gully. The site is bounded by 175h Street SW to the north, adjoined by
residential developments to the east and west, and bordered by a steep slope to the south. The site is
a roughly 1.3-acre tract, with a 189 feet ftontage along 175th Street SW and about 302 feet deep.
As shown on Plate 2 — Topographic Survey and Site Plan, roughly the northern two-fifffis is gently to
moderately sloped, while the remaining area slopes steeply down southwesterly. The top of the bank
of the steep slope cuts southeasterly across the site. Occupying the northern gently -sloped area are
the existing residence and paved driveways. The grade of the building pad surrounding the existing
residence generally ranges from 8 to 25 percent, while the grade of the steep slope south of the
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April 8, 2003
Dan King Residence Addition
L&A Job No. 3AO 17
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residence is at 20 to 59 percent. The existing house is set back about 21 to 24 feet from the top of
the bank. The proposed addition is to be constructed off the west end and flush with the rear (south
side) of the existing house. Tall, mature evergreen trees dot the open area surrounding the residence
and on the steep slope south of the residence.
GEOLOGIC SETTING AND SOIL CONDITIONS
The Geology Map of the -Edmonds East and Part of the Edmonds West Quadrangles, Washington,
1983, by James P. Minard, published in 1983 by U. S. Geological Survey, was referenced for the
geologic and soil conditions of the site. According to this publication, the surficial soil units at and
in the vicinity of the residence site are mapped as Vashon Till (Qvo underlain by Advance Outwash
(Qva), which is in turn underlain by Transitional Beds (Qtb).
The geology of the Puget Sound Lowland has been modified by the advance and retreat of several
glaciers in the past and subsequent deposits and erosions. The latest glacier advanced to the Puget
Sound Lowland is referred to as the Vashon Stade of the Fraser Glaciation which had occurred
during the later stages of the Pleistocene Epoch, and retreated from the region some 14,500 years
ago.
The Vashon Till was deposited directly by glacial ice during the most recent glacial period as it
advanced over an eroded, irregular surface of older formations and sediments. It is a very dense
mixture of unsorted clay, silt, sand, gravel, and scattered cobbles and boulders, often referred to as
"hard pan". The surficial soils in the top 2 to 4 feet of this Vashon Till unit are normally weathered
to'a medium -dense state. The underlying fresh till is very dense and can provide excellent
foundation support with little settlement expected.
The Advance Outwash, normally underlying the Vashon Till, consists of stratified sand and gravel
with minor amounts of silt and clay, deposited by the meltwater of advancing glacial ice. Having
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April 8, 2003
Dan King Residence Addition
L&A Job No. 3A01 7
Page 4
been overridden by glacier, the Advance Outwash soils are generally dense to very -dense in their
natural, undisturbed state. When exposed on slopes with poor vegetation cover, the Advance
Outwash deposits may be gradually eroded and sometimes become unstable and slough to a flatter
inclination. The Advance Outwash deposits in their native, undisturbed state can provide very good
foundation support with little settlement expected for light to moderate residential structures.
The Transitional Beds underlying the Advance Outwash deposits are glacial and non -glacial deposits
underlying Vashon advance outwash. They consist mostly of massive, thick or thin beds and
laminae of gray to dark -gray clay, silt and fine to very -fine sand. Some layers of peat and gravel may
present in the lower part. The fine-grained sediment mostly was deposited in lakes some distance
from the ice front, and in fluvial systems prior to the advance of the ice. The sediments of
Transitional Beds were mostly deposited during the transitional period near the close. of pre -Fraser
interglacial (Olympia Interglaciation) time and into early Fraser glacial time. The Transitional Beds
are about 10 to 20 meter thick in exposure. This soil unit is very stiff to hard in its natural,
undisturbed state, but because ofjointing they may become unstable in steep slopes when saturated.
We manually pushed a steel T-bar into the ground within the footprint of the proposed addition to get
an indication of the density or consistency of the surficial soils. The probe bar could penetrate
generally no more than 28 to 40 inches. The ground probing results indicate that footprint of the
addition is most likely underlain by very -dense fresh till at relatively shallow depths, and is overlain
by a layer of weathered till not significantly thicker than 3 to 4 feet.
GROUNDWATER CONDITIONS
Stormwater infiltrating into the more permeable surficial soils may perched on and flow laterally
along the surface of the underlying fresh till. This near -surface perched groundwater may fluctuate
seasonally, depending on precipitation, surface runoff, ground vegetation cover, site uVilization, etc.
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April 8, 2003
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11
During extended periods of heavy rains, the perched groundwater may accumulate and rise in the
surficial more permeable soils.
DISCUSSION AND RECOMMENDATIONS
GENERAL
Based on the geologic and soil conditions described above, it is our opinion that the subject
residence site is suitable for the proposed addition from a geotechnical engineering viewpoint.
Conventional spread footing foundations bearing on dense to very -dense. fresh till soils or on
compacted structural fill placed over fresh till soils may be used to support the proposed addition to
t he residence. Disturbance to the steep slope south of the residence should be prohibited to maintain
the stability of the sensitive slope.
GEOLOGIC HAZARD
Landslide Hazard
The dense to very dense fresh Vashon Till and Advance Outwash soils underlying the residence site
and forming the core of the steep slope south of the residence are of high shear strength and have
high resistance against slope failure. The risk for deep-seated landslide on the site should be
minimal. The surficial topsoil and soils in the surficial weathered zone over the steep slope are
weaker and when over -saturated may slough off and result in shallow, skin -type, mudflows. To
minimize such hazard, the native vegetation cover over the steep slope should not be disturbed
during the construction of the addition, and should be maintained to minimize soil erosion from
storm runoff.
Erosion Hazard
The topsoil and the surficial weak soils in the weathered zone over the steep slope are of low
resistance against erosion. To minimize erosion hazard over the steep slope, the vegetation cover of
the slope, which will help anchor surficial soils in place, should be maintained. Spoil soils,
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April 8, 2003
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L&A Job No. 3AO 17
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yardwaste and construction debris should not be disposed of onto the steep slope. Storm runoff over
impervious surfaces, such as roofs and paved driveways, should not be allowed to flow over the top
of bank of the steep slope. Instead, it should be collected with underground drain lines and catch
basins, and tightlined to discharge into a storm sewer, if possible. If this is not feasible, the
stormwater should be discharged through a level, perforated, spreader pipe to disperse water over a
wide, gently -sloped and well -vegetated area on the slope.
Seismic Hazard
The Puget Sound region is classified as Seismic Zone 3 by the Uniform Building Code (UBC). The
high shear strength of the till and outwash soils underlying the site at shallow depths combined with
the general lack of constant, extensive, continuous, static groundwater table, should make the risk for
the occurrence of liquefaction or lateral soil spreading at the site rather unlikely. Therefore, the
seismic hazard of the site should be minimal. The addition to the residence, however, should be
designed for the seismic forces during strong earthquakes. Based on the soil data obtained from the
test pits, the Soil Profile Type at the site underlain by dense to very -dense glacial soils should be
classified as S,, in accordance with the 1997 UBC code.
BUILDING SETBACK
The purpose of building setback from the top or toe of a slope is to establish a distance between a
structure and a slope, such that if a slope failure should occur, the damages to the structure can be
minimized. In general, the greater the setback, the lower the risk for the structure to sustain damages
from a slope failure. Municipalities also use buffer and setback to minimize potential disturbance to
critical or sensitive areas, in addition to mitigate damages to proposed development.
We understand that the setback of the proposed addition from the adjacent top of steep slope will be
about 25 feet. According to City of Edmonds' development standards for geological hazardous
areas, a 50-foot buffer from geologic hazardous area would be required, but allows the buffer to be
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April 8, 2003
Dan King Residence Addition
L&A Job No. 3AO 17
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reduced to 10 feet by a licensed geologist or geotechnical engineer if it can be demonstrated clearly
that the reduced buffer will have no adverse impact upon the site, the pubic or any private party.
According to the above -referenced geologic map and our on -site ground probing results, the site is
underlain by very -dense, fresh till of very high shear strength at shallow depth. It is. our judgment
that the buffer between the proposed addition and the top of the steep slope may be reduced to 10
feet, and that the proposed addition may be set a minimum of 10 feet from the buffer (i.e.'.00-fbot
setback from the top of the steep slope). It is our opinion that at the such setback and with the full
implement of our recommendations provided in this report, the proposed addition will be able to
maintain its stability, and that the construction of the addition will have no adverse i m:pact upon the
site, the public or any private party.
SITE PREPARATION
Site preparation should include clearing all vegetation, if any, removing the existing asphalt
pavement� and stripping topsoil and unsuitable soils in the root zone within the footprint of the
addition. The exposed native soils should be proof -rolled with a self-propelled vibratory compactor
to a non -yielding state. Silt fences should be erected along the downslope side of the construction
area to prevent sediments being washed down onto the steep slope and the street.
STRUCTURAL FILL
Structural fill is the fill placed under footings, on -grade slabs, pavements, and behind foundation
walls and retaining walls where it undertakes loads. Structural fill, if required, should consist of
clean soils with particles no larger than 4 inches and be free of organic and other deleterious
substances. The on site soils contain a high percentage of fines and are sensitive to moisture. They
may be suitable for use as structural fill only under fair weather condition during the dryer summer
months. Imported material to be used as structural fill during wet weather condition should consist
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April 8, 2003
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L&A Job No. 3AO 17
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of a clean, free -draining, granular soil containing not more than 5 % finer than the No. 200 sieve
based on the fraction of the material passing the No. 4 sieve and have individual particles not larger
than.4 inches. Structural fill should be placed with a moisture content at or near its optimum
moisture content. The optimum moisture content is the water content in soil that enable the soil to
be compacted to the highest dry density for a given compaction effort..
Structural fill should be placed in horizontal lifts no more than 10 inches thick in loose state, with
each lift compacted to a minimum percentage of the maximum dry density determined by ASTM
D 15 57-78 (Modified Proctor method) as follows:
ARplication
Under Footings
Under Driveways and Floor Slabs
Foundation/Retaining Wall Backfill
Utility Trench Backfill
EXCAVATION SLOPES
% of Maximum Dry Densi
95%
95% for upper 2 feet, 90% below
95% for upper 2 feet, 90% below
95% for upper 4 feet, 90% below
Under no circumstance should excavation slopes be greater than the limits specified by the safety
regulations of local, state and federal governments. Cut slopes more than 4 feet deep should not be
steeper than I H: IV in the surficial weathered zone, and may be vertical in the very dense fresh till
soils if the overall depth of excavation is no more than 12 feet. The soils into which cuts are made
should be verified by a geotechnical engineer during excavation. The above recommended cut
slopes are under the assumption that groundwater seepage will not be encountered during
construction. If encountered, the excavation should be immediately halted and the slope stability re-
evaluated. The slopes may have to be flattened and other measures taken to stabilize the slopes.
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April 8, 2003
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L&A Job No. 3AO 17
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Surface runoff should not be allowed to flow freely over cut slopes into excavated area. Exposed
temporary cut slopes should be covered with plastic sheets to minimize erosion and sloughing of the
slopes from stormwater.
FOUNDATIONS .
Conventional footing foundations are suitable for supporting the proposed addition to the residence.
Continuous strip footings may be used for supporting bearing walls, and individual footings for
supporting columns or posts. The footing foundations of the addition should be placed on. very -
dense fresh till soils or on structural fill constructed over fresh till soils. New footings abutting
existing footings should be connected to existing footings with dowel bars to We structural
pro,vi
continuity. Moisture should not be allowed to accumulate in excavated footing trenches and over
on -grade slab areas.
If the above recommendations are followed, our recommended design criteria for new footing
foundations are as follows:
Allowable soil bearing pressure for footing foundations, including dead and live loads;
should be no greater than 2,500 psf The footing bearing soils should be verified on -site by a
geotechnical engineer after the footing trenches are excavated and before the footings are
poured.
The minimum depth to bottom of perimeter footings below adjacent final exterior grade
should be no less than 18 inches. The minimum depth to bottom of the interior footings
below top of floor slab should be no less than 12 inches.
The minimum width should be no less than 16 inches for continuous wall footings, and no
less than 24 inches for individual footings.
A one-third increase in the allowable soil bearing pressure may be used when considering short-term
wind or seismic lateral loads. For the proposed additions supported on loose to medium dense sandy
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soils as, recommended under the above allowable soil bearing pressures, we estimate that the
d he
maximum total post -construction settlement of the additions would be 3/4 inch or less an t
differential settlement across the building width 1/2 inch or less.
oundations and the subgrade soils or the
Lateral loads can be resisted by friction between the f
passive earth pressure acting on the below -grade portion of the foundations. For the latter, the
illed with a clean, free -
foundations must be poured "neaf' against undisturbed native soils or backf
draining, structural fill with sufficient compaction. We recommend that an equivalent fluid density
or lateral resistance. A
(EFD) of 350 pcf (pounds per cubic foot) for the passive earth may be used f
coefficient of friction of 0.6 between the foundations and the subgrade may be used. These are
unfactored values, and a proper factor of safety should be applied in the calculations against lateral
loads on the building.
SLAB -ON -GRADEFLOORS
Slab -on -grade floors, if used, should be placed on firm subgrade soils prepared as outlined in SrM
PREPARATION AND GENERAL GRADING an d STRUC TURAL FILL sections of this report.
Where moisture control is critical, the slab -on -grade floors should be placed on a capillary break
which is in turn placed on the compacted subgrade. The capillary break should consist of.a
minimum four -inch-thick layer of free -draining gravel or crushed rock containing no more than 3
percents by weight passing the No. 4 sieve. We recommend that a vapor barrier, such as a 6-mil
rom migrating upwards.
plastic membrane, be placed over the capillary break to keep moisture f
BASEMENT WALLS
or an active soil pressdre of 40 pcf
Basement walls required to retaining soils should be designed f
equivalent fluid density (EFD). To counter the active pressure, a passive soil pressure of 375 pcf
EFD may be used, except that the passive pressure within the top 12 inches of the finish subgrade
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April 8, 2003
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L&A Job No. 3AO 17
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should be ignored. The active soil pressure may also be resisted by the friction force between the
footings and the subgrade soils based on a coefficient of friction of 0.60. The above soil parameters
are unfactored ultimate values, and proper factors of safety should be applied for the design of the
walls against sliding and overturning failures.
A vertical drainage blanket, consisting of 12-inch-minimum washed gravel backfill, should be placed
behind the basement walls. In lieu of the washed gravel drainage blanket, a vertical drain mat, such
,,is Miradrain 6000, may be used. The vertical drainage blanket or drain mat should be hydraulically
connected to a footing drain at the base of the walls to collect and drain away grou . ndwater flowing
towards the basement walls.
SITE DRAINAGE
Surface Drainage
The finished ground around proposed building should be graded such that surface water is directed
away from the building, but not to be allowed to flow over the top of bank of the steep slope. Water
should not be allowed to stand or accumulate within the footprint of the addition where foundations
or on -grade slabs are to be constructed. Final site grades should allow storm runoff over impervious
surface to be collected by catch basins and drained by tightlines into a permanent storm drain system.
The ground should be sloped at a minimum gradient of 3 percent for a distance of at least 10 feet
away from the building except in paved areas. Roof runoff should be collected by an underground
drain line system connected to the downspouts, and should be tightlined separately to drain into a
storm sewer or a suitable disperse system.
Groundwater Drainage
A footing subdrain system should be installed around the perimeter of the addition to minimize
groundwater flowing toward and accumulating under the building. The subdrain should consist of a
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April 8, 2003
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f -inch-minimum-diameter, perforated or slotted, rigid, PVC pipe, laid a few inches below the
our
bottom of footings with a gradient sufficient to generate flow by gravity. The drain line should be
embedded in, surrounded by, and covered with free -draining pea gravel or washed rock, wrapped in a
layer of filter fabric. The footing subdrain should be tightlined separately from the roof drain system
to discharge into a storm sewer or a suitable disperse system. Sufficient cleanouts be installed at
ic locations to allow for periodic maintenance of the footing and roof drain systems.
strateg
RISK EVALUATION STATEMENT.
The Vashon Till and Advance Outwash soils underlying the site at. relatively shallow depths are very
dense and quite stable. It is our judgment that provided the recommendations of this report are
closely followed during construction and after the completion of the development, the areas
disturbed by construction will be stabilized and remain stable and will not increase the potential for
p rom the
soil movement. In our opinion, the risk of damage to the proposed develo ment and f
development to adjacent properties from soil instability should be minimal.
MUTATIONS
This report has been prepared for the specific application to the proposed addition to the subject
residence for the exclusive use by Mr. Dan King, and his consultants and representatives. We
or the
recommend that this report, in its entirety, be included in the project contract documents f
information of prospective contractors for their estimating and bidding purposes. The conclusions
and interpre ace
tations in this report, however, should not be construed as a warranty of the subsurf
c on safety
conditions. The scope of this study does not include services related to constru ti
precautions and our recommendations are not intended to direct the contractor's methods, techniques,
or desi considerations.
sequences or procedures, except as specifically described in this report f gn
LIU & ASSOCIATES9 INC.
April 8, 2003
Dan King Residence Addition
L&A Job No. 3AO 17
Page 13
The recommendations presented in this report are based on the site surface conditions observed and
the geologic and soil conditions indicated on the above-refereficed geologic map. We have not
performed any subsurface exploration to characterize the subsurface conditions of the site. Soil and
groundwater conditions actually encountered during construction may vary from those described in
this report. The nature and extent of such variations may not become evident until construction. If
variations appear then, we should be retained to re-evaluate the recommendations of this report, and
to verify or modify them in writing prior to proceeding with the construction.
CLOSURE
We are pleased to be of service to you on this project. Please call if you have any questions
regarding this report or need finther consultation.
Two plates attached
Yours very truly,
LIU & ASSOCIATES, INC.
9
J. S. (Julian) Liu, Ph.D., P.E.
Consulting Geotechnical Engineer
LIU & ASSOCIATESt INC.
I
3W
PACIFIC BOATS PAGE 02
05/30/2003 03:51 3606537554
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RE -INSPECTED OUTSTANDING ISSUES - GRANT FINAL PROJECT APPROVAL
Date Signature
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RECORD OF INSPECTIONS
INSPECTOR DATE APPROVED
SETBACKS ........................
FOUNDATION:
MS.
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Pier/Porch .................
Retaining Wall . ...........
Slab Insulation ..........
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INSULATION .. ................. MS 0 41�
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"010" Ceiling Insulation .......
SHEETROCK NAILING ... vv\
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ADDRESS
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PUBLIC RIGHT OF WAY PER OFFICIAL STREET MAP RW Permit Requ,"6d
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CITY h ZIP TELEPHONE
EXISTING PROPOSED Inspectio Required
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REQUIRED DEDICATION FT Wiring required 13
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NAME
METER SIZE LINE SIZE OF FIXTURES P R EQUIRED
YE NO 13
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REMARKS
OWNER/CONTRACTOR RESPONSIBLE FOR EROSION CONTROUDRAINAGE
CITY
114 "EW WKdWAS
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ENGINEERING REVIEWED BY DATE
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CITY ZIP TELEPHONE
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STATE LICENSE NUMBER
EXPIRATIONDATE CHECKEDBY
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PROGRESS INSPE��tONS PER UBC 108/FINAL INSPECTION RECtD
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Mechanical
THIS PERMIT AUTHORIZMES ONLY THE WORK NOTED. THIS PERMIT CfIVERS WORK TO
t: BE DOME ON PRIVATE PROPERTY ORLY. ANY CONSTRUCTION ON THE PUBLIC
Grading
DOMAIN (CURBS. SIDEWALKS, DRIVEWAYS, MARQUEES, ETC.) WILL REQUIRE
SEPARATE PERMISSION.
Engr. Review
15 PEAMMAPPIUCATION: 180DAYS
IL PERMIT LIMM I YEAR - PROVIDED WORK IS STARTED WITHIN 180 DAYS
Engr. Inspection
SEE BACK OF PINK PERMIT FOR MORE INFORMATION
'APPLICANT ON BEHALF OF HIS OR HER SPOUSE, HEIRS, ASSIGNS AND SUCCESORS Fire Review Plan Chk. Deposit
IN INTEREST, AGREES TO INDEMNIFY, DEFEND AND HOLD HARMLESS THE CITY OF Fire Inspection Receipt #
I EDMONDS, WASHINGT6N. ITS OFFICIALS, EMPLOYEES, AND AGENTS FROM ANY AND
S FOR DAMAGES OF WHATEVER NATURE, ARISING DIRECTLY OR INDIRECTLY
TFOCMLTHE ISSUANCE OF THIS PERMIT. ISSUANCE OF THIS PERMIT SHALL NOT BE Landscapelnsp. Tot6l Amt. Due
DEEMEDTo MODIFY, WAIVE OR REDUCE ANY REQUIREMENT OF ANY CITY ORDINANCE A IfAlp j
NOR LIMIT IN ANY WAY THE CITYS ABILITY TO ENFORCE ANY ORDINANCE PROVISION.- Recording Fee Receipt #
114� 461 k
I HERE13Y ACKNOWLEDGE THAT I HAV9 READ WIS 4�PUICATION; THNt, THI� INFOAMATION i
GIVEN IS -CORRECT, AND THAT I AM THE OWNER, OR THE DULY AUTIJORIZED AGENT OF , I APPLICATION APPROVAL
THE OWNER: I AGREE TO COMPLY WITH CITY AND STATE LAWS REGULATING CONSTRUC- CALL This. applicittlon Is not a permit unfit signed by the
TION. AND IN DOING THEWORK-AUTHORIZED THEREBY, NO PERSON WILL BE EMPLOYED Building Officlall or his/her Deputy: and Foes are paid, and
IN VIOLATION OjqHE LABOR CODE OF THE STATE OF WASHINGTON RELATING TO FOR INSPECTION I rgcolptisocknovAodgedinsp000provWed.
WORKMENW13014 N INSURANCE AND RCW 18.27. t
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