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PROPERTY TAX ACCOUNT PARCEL NO.
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THIS PERMIT AUTHORIZES ONLY THE WORK NOTED. THIS PERMIT COVERS WORK TO
BE DONE ON PRIVATE PROPERTY ONLY. ANY CONSTRUCTION ON THE PUBLIC
DOMAIN (CURBS, SIDEWALKS, DRIVEWAYS, MARQUEES, ETC.) WILL REQUIRE
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SEPARATE PERMISSION.
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PERMIT APPLICATION: 100DAYS
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PERL41T LIMIT. 1 YEAR - PROVIDED WORK IS STARTED WITHIN 180 DAYS
SEE BACK OF PINK PERMIT FOR MORE INFORMATION
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'APPLICANT, ON 13EHALF OF HIS OR HER SPOUSE, HEIRS. ASSIGNS AND SUCCESORS
IN INTEREST, AGREES TO INDEMNIFY, DEFEND AND HOLD HARMLESS THE CITY OF
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EDMONDS, WASHINGTON. ITS OFFICIALS, EMPLOYEES, AND AGENTS FROM ANY AND
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ALL CLAIMS FOR DAMAGES OF WHATEVER NATURE. ARISING DIRECTIY OR INDIRECTLY
FROM THE ISSUANCE OF THIS PERMIT ISSUANCE OF THIS PERMIT SHALL NOT BE
DEEMED TO MODIFY, WAIVE OR REDUCE ANY REQUIREMENTOF ANY CITY ORDINANCE
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NOR LIMIT IN ANY WAY THE CITYs ABILITY TO ENFORCE ANY ORDINANCE PROVISION. -
I HEREBY ACKNOWLEDGE THAT I HAVE READ THIS APPLICATION; THAT THE INFORMATION
GIVEN IS CORRECT; AND THAT I AM THE OWNER. OR THE DULY AUTHORIZED AGENT OF
THE OWNER. I AGREE TO COMPLY WITH CITY AND STATE LAWS REGULATING CONSTRUC-
TION; AND IN DOING THE WORK AUTHORIZED THEREBY, NO PERSON WILL BE EMPLOYED
IN VIOLATION OF THE LABOR CODE OF THE STATE OF WASHINGTON RELATING TO
WORKMEN'S COMPENSATION INSURANCE AND RCW 18.27.
SIGNAT2U OLR AGENT)
DATE SIGNED
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This application is not a permit until signed by the
FOR INSPECTION
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receipt is acknowledged in space provided
(425)
OFFICt" SIGN T DATE
771-0220
RELF B. ATE
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ATTENTION XT 1333
IT IS UNLAWFUL 1*0 USE OR OCCUPY A BUILDING OR STRUCTURE UNTIL
A FINAL INSPECTION HAS BEEN MADE AND APPROVAL OR A CERTIFI-
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GEOTECHNICAL ENGINEERING STUDY
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5-UNIT TOWNHOMES
23124 — 76"" AVENUE WEST
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EDMONDS, WASHINGTON
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L&A Job No. 3AO87
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Date: July 20, 2003
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Prepared for:
SCL Enterprises LLC
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17921 Linden Avenue North
Shoreline, Washington 98133
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By:
Liu & Associates, Inc.
19213 Kenlake Place NE
Kenmore, Washington 98028
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LIU& ASSOCIATES9 INC.
Geotechnical Engineering Engineering Geology Earth Science
July 20, 2003
Mr. Shaun Leiser
SCL Enterprises LLC
17921 Linden Avenue North
Shoreline, WA 98133
Dear Mr. Leiser:
Subject: Geotechnical Engineering Study
5-Unit Townhomes
23124 — 76 Avenue West
Edmonds, Washington
L&A Job No. 3AO87
INTRODUCTION
We have completed a geotechnical engineering study for the subject townhome project site,
located in Edmonds, Washington. The general location of the project site is shown on Plate I —
Vicinity Map. We understand that the proposed project for the site is to develop five townhome
buildings. The purpose of this study is to characterize the subsurface conditions of the site and
provide geotechnical recommendations for site grading, erosion abatement, surface and ground
water control, foundation design and construction, etc., for the proposed development of the site.
Presented in this report are our findings and recommendations.
PROJECT DESCRIPTION
For our use in this study, you provided us with copies of a property boundary survey plan or the
site and a preliminary building layout plan of tile proposed development. According to these
plans, the site is a rectangular tract of land, about 0.56 acre in size. It has a frontage of 80 feet on
its east along 76th Avenue West and is about 303 feet deep. The development will include five
townhonies of individual, two-story, above -grade, wood -framed buildings in one row at 10 reet
19213 Kenlake Place NE - Kenmore, Washington 98028
Phone (425) 483-9134 - Fax (425) 486-2746
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5-Unit Townhomes
L&A Job No. 3AO87
Page 2
apart, and a long paved driveway along the north side of the site for access to the townhomes.
We understand that site grading will generally conform to the existing contour of the site with
minimal cut and fill.
SCOPE OF SERVICES
Our scope of services for this study comprises specifically the following:
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I Review the geologic and soil conditions at the site based on a published geologic map.
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2. Explore the site for subsurface conditions with backhoe test pits t o a firm bearing soil
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stratum or to the maximum depth (about 10 feet) capable of by the backhoe used ror
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excav ating the test pits, which ever occurs first.
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3. Perform necessary geotechnical analyses, and provide geotechnical recommendations for
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site stabilization, grading, erosion abatement, surface and ground water control, and
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foundation design and construction, based on the subsurface conditions encountered in
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the test pits and results of our geotechnical analyses.
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4. Prepare a written report to present our findings, conclusions, and recommendations.
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SITE CONDITIONS
SURFACE CONDITIONS
55
The site is bounded by 76th Avenue West on the east, and adjoined by residential developments
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on the north and south and west. The site is situated on a broad, gentle to moderately -steep,
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easterly -declining slope. The terrain within the site generally slopes down gently eastward to
within a few feet of its east boundary, then drops moderately steeply down to the street level of
76t" Avenue West.
LIU & ASSOCIATES9 INC.
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July 20, 2003
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L&A Job No. 3AO87
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Presently, the eastern half of the site is occupied by a single-family residence. The western half
and the perimeter of the eastern half are dotted with scattered mature evergreen and deciduous
trees, intermixed with ornamental trees and shrubs. Shallow dips and bumps have been made
over tile western half or the site to turn it into a dirt bike course and playground.
GEOLOGIC SETTING
The Geology Map of the Edmonds East and Part of the Edmonds West Quadrangle, Snohot isl
and King Counties, Washington, by James P. Millard, published in 1983 by U. S. Geological
Survey, was referenced for the geologic and soil conditions of the site. According to this
icial soil units at and in the vicinity of the site are mapped as Vashon Till
publication, the surf
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The geology of the Puget Sourid Lowland has been modified by the advance and retreat of
several glaciers in the past and subsequent deposits and erosion. The latest glacier advanced to
the Puget Sound Lowland is referred to as the Vashon Stade of the Fraser Glaciation, which has
occurred during the later stages of the Pleistocene Epoch and retreated from the region some
14,500 years ago.
The Vashon Till was deposited directly by glacial ice during the most recent glacial period as it
advanced over an eroded, irregular surface of older formations and sediments. It is a very dense
mixture of unsorted clay, silt, sand, gravel, and scattered cobbles and boulders, often referred to
as "hard pan". The Vashon Till over the top two to four feet is normally weathered to a medium -
dense state, and is moderately permeable and compressible. The underlying fresh till is very
dense and is practically impervious to stormwater infiltration. The fresh till has tile strength of
low-grade concrete and can stand in a steep natural or cut slope for a long period. If remains
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July 20, 2003
5-Unit Townhomes
L&A Job No. 3AO87
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undisturbed and well -drained, the fresh till can provide excellent foundation support with little
settlement expected.
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SUBSURFACE CONDITIONS
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Subsurface conditions of tile site were explored with five test pits spread throughout the site.
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They were excavated on July 1, 2002, with a tire -mounted backhoe to depths from 4.5 to 6.5 feet.
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The approximate locations of the test pits are shown on Plate 2 - Site and Exploration Location
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Plan. The test pits were located with either a tape measure or by visual reference to existing
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topographic features in the field and on the topographic survey map, and their locations should be
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considered only accurate to the measuring method used.
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A geotechnical engineer from Our office was present during subsurface exploration, who
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examined the soil and geologic conditions encountered and completed logs of test pits. Soil
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samples obt ained from each soil unit in the test pits were visually classified in general
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accordance with United Soil Classification System, a copy of which is presented on Plate 3.
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Detailed descriptions of soils encountered during site exploration are presented in test pit logs on
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Plates 4 through 6.
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The site is generally mantled by a layer of topsoil of loose, organic, silty fine sand, from about 6
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to 12 inches thick, except that fill up to 3.0 feet deep was encountered in Test Pits 2 and 3 in the
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area surrounding the existing residence. Underlying the topsoil and fill is a layer of light -brown
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to brown -gray, loose to medium -dense, silty fine sand, from 1.0 to 3.0 feet thick. Underlying this
soil layer is a brown -gray to light -gray Vashon Till deposits of very -dense, gravelly, silty fine
sand with occasional cobble to the depths explored, except in Test Pit 5 located at the west end of
the site where the till soils are weakly-cernented and in transition to an Advance Outwash deposit
of gray, dense, slightly silty', fine to mediL1111 sand with a trace to some gravel.
LIU & ASSOCIATES9 INC.
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July 20, 2003
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GROUNDWATER CONDITION
Groundwater was not encountered in any of the test pits. The surficial soils overlying the
Vashon Till were dry and dusty, while the underlying Vashon Till and Advance Outwash soils
were slightly moist. The fresh till is practically impervious and tends to perch stormwater
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infiltrating into the surficial, more -perm eable soil layers. The near-SUrface perched groundwater
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would flow down -gradient along the surface of the underlying fresh till. Perched groundwater
may exist during the wet winter months, and may completely dry up in the dry summer months.
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The depth to and the amount of perched groundwater may fluctuate seasonally, depending on
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precipitation, surface runoff, ground vegetation cover, site utilization, and o ther factors.
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DISCUSSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS
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GENERAL
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Based on the soil conditions encountered from our subsurface explorations, it is our opinion that
the site is suitable for the proposed development from a geotechnical engineering viewpoint. The
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loose fill, organic topsoil and unsuitable surficial soils in the root zone should be completely
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stripped within the driveway, building pads of the lots, or within areas where structural fill is to
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be placed. The underlying fresh till are of very high shear strength and are capable of providing
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foundation Support to the driveway and buildings to be constructed on the site.
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The on -site till soils contain a high percentage of fines, and is very sensitive to moisture. It can
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also be saturated quickly and result in heavy runoff and soil erosion during extended periods or
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heavy rainston-ns. Curtain drains or ditches may be installed, as required, along the upslope
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boundaries of the site to intercept and drain surface runoff and near -surface perched groundwater
flow away from construction areas and to minimize soil erosion during construction.
LIU & ASSOCIATES1 INC.
'20,2003
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,k Job No. 3AO87
e 6
iventional f:6oting foundations placed on or into the underlying very -dense fresh till may be
d for supporting the buildings to be constructed on the building lots. Structural fill, if
aired for site grading of the building pads and driveway, should be placed on proof -rolled,
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,ielding, undisturbed, dense fresh till soils following the stripping of the surficial unsuitable
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GEOLOGIC HAZARDS 0 M
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outwash soils underlying the site at shallow
The dense to very -dense, fresh till and Advance
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depths are of very high shear strength and have excellent resistance against slope failures. Tile
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comnetent soils underlying the site coupled with the generally gentle terrain within the site >
should make deep-seated landslides unlikely to Occur on the site.
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Erosion Hazard
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The loose fill, topsoil and the underlying loose to medium -dense silty fine sand layer are of low
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resistance against erosion, while the underlying till and Advance Outwash soils are of moderately
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high resistance against erosion. The gentle terrain over the site should significantly reduce the
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potential of soil erosion. To further mitigate soil erosion, curtain drains may be installed, as
required, along the upslope boundaries to intercept and safely drain away surface runoff and
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near -surface groundwater flow. The unpaved ground within the site should be vegetated to
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provide erosion protection. Storinwater over impervious surfaces, such as roofs and driveway,
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should be captured by underground drain line systems and catch basins, and tightlined to
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discharge into a suitable storrnwater disposal facility. Exposed ground within the site not
covered with pavement should be landscaped and re -,vegetated. Discharge of concentrated
stormwater should not be allow within the site unless properly collected and conveyed to
discharge to a suitable storinwater disposal facility.
LIU & ASSOCIATES9 INC.
July 20, 2003)
5-Unit Townhomes
L&A Job No. 3AO87
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Seismic Hazard
The Puget Sound region is classified as Seismic Zone 3 by the Uniform Building Code (UBC).
The high shear strength of the fresh till and Advance Outwash soils underlying the site at shallow
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depths combined with the general lack of constant, extensive, continuous, static groundwater
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table, should make the risk nil for the occurrence of liquefaction or lateral soil spreading on the
site. The buildings to be constructed on the building lots, however, should be designed for the
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seismic forces during strong earthquakes. Based on the soil data obtained from the test pits, the
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Soil Profile Type at the site underlain by dense to very -dense glacial soils should be classified as
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S, in accordance with the 1997 UBC code.
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SITE PREPARATION AND GENERAL GRADING
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Site preparation should include demolishing the existing building on the site, clearing and
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grubbing within construction limits. The foundations of the existing building should be
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thoroughly removed. Loose fill, topsoil and unsuitable surficial soils with excessive roots should
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be completely stripped within the driveway, building pads, and in areas where structural fill is to
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be placed. The exposed surface should be compacted to a non -yielding state using a vibratory
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roller compactor and proof -rolled with a fully loaded dump truck or water truck. . During
construction, storm runoff should be intercepted with ditches or curtain drains, as required, and
discharged into a nearby inlet of the storm sewer under the street. The inlet should be covered
with non -woven filter fabric to screen out silt in the water.
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The on -site soils contain a high percentage of fines and are very sensitive to moisture. A layer or
clean quarry spalls placed over excavated areas and areas of frequent traffic may be required to
protect the subgrade soils from disturbance by construction traffic. Silt fences should be erected
along the downslopc boundaries of the site to pre vent sediments being transported onto adj)oining
properties.
LIU & ASSOCIATES9 INC.
July 20, 2003
5-Unit Townhomes
L&A Job No. 3AO87
Page 8
EXCAVATION AND FILL SLOPES
Under no circumstance should excavation slopes be greater than tile limits specified by loca ,
state and federal safety regulations if workers have to perform construction work in excavated
areas. Unsupported temporary cuts greater than 4 feet in height should not be steeper than
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IH:IV in the surficial weaker soils overlying the fresh till soils, and not steeper than may be
vertical in the very -dense, fresh till pr ovided that the overall depth of excavation does not exceed
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10 feet. Permanent cut banks should not be steeper than 2H: IV in the surficial weaker soils, and
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not steeper than I- I AH: I V in the underlying, very -dense, fresh till soils.
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Permanent fill embankments required to support structural or traffic loads shouldbe constructed
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with compacted structural fill placed over proof -rolled undisturbed, very-d ense fresh till after the
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t opsoil, fill and unsuitable surficial soils in the root zone are stripped. The slope of permanent
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fill embankment should not be steeper than 2H:IV- Upon completion, the sloping face of
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permanent fill embankments should be thoroughly compacted to a non-yie Iding state with a hoe-
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pack.
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The above recommended cut and fill slopes are under the assumption that groundwater seepage
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will not be encountered during construction. If encountered, the construction should be
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immediately halted and the slope stability re-evaluated by a geotechnical engineer. The slopes
may have to be flattened and other measures take n to stabilize the slopes. Surface runoff should
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not be allowed to flow uncontrolled over the top of cut or fill slopes. Permanent cut slopes or Fill
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-or long-term stability, and should be
embankments should be vegetated as soon as possible f
covered with plastic sheets, as required, to protect them from stormwater until tile vegetation is
fully established.
LIU & ASSOCIATES9 INC.
July 20, 2003
5-Unit Townhomes
L&A Job No. 3AO87
Page 9
STRUCTURAL FILL
Structural fill is the fill placed Linder roadway pavements, footings, slabs -on -grade, and behind
retaining walls where it support loads. Structural fill should consist of clean soils with particles
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not larger than four inches and should be free of organic and other deleterious substances.
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Structural fill should have a moisture content within one percent ot its optimum mo sture content
iurn n-ioisture content is the water content in the soil that 55
at the time of placement. The optin
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enable the soil to be compacted to the highest dry density for a given compa 0
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condition when its moisture content can be controlled to close to its optim
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Imported material for structural fill should be clean, free -draining, granular soils containing no CO
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more than 5 percent by weight finer than the No. 200 sieve based on the fraction of the material -n
assing No. 4 sieve, and should have individual particles not greater than four inches. imported M M
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structural fill should be stockpiled and covered separately from the on -site soils. 0 rn
Structural fill should be placed in lifts no more than 10 inches thick in loose state, with each lift
compacted to a minimum percentage of the maximum dry density determined by ASTM D 1557
(Modified Proctor Method) as follows:
Application
Within building pads of the building lots
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Roadway/driveway subgrade
Retaining wall backfill
Utility trench backfill
% of Maximum Dry Densi
95%
95% for top 3 feet and 90% below
90%
95% flor top 4 feet and 90% below
LIU & ASSOCIATES9 INC.
July 20, 2003
5-Unit Townhomes
L&A Job No. 3AO87
Page 10
ON -SITE INFILTRATION SYSTEMS
Advance Outwash soils of gravelly, slightly silty, fine to medium sand was encountered in Test
Pit 5 located at the west end of the site. This sandy soil unit are of moderately high pen-neability,
and should be able to support on -site stormwater infiltration systems. The surface of this soil
unit is at about 6.0 feet below the existing grade.
For disposing stormwater through infiltration trenches, the bottom of the trenches should be
excavated at least 2 feet below the surface of the Advance Outwash deposit. The soils at the
bottom of vault or trenches should be verified by a geotechnical engineer during trench
excavation. if fine-grained silt or clay soils are encountered at the bottom of the trenches, they
should be over-excavated� thoroughly removed and replaced with free -draining sand, pea gravel
or washed gravel. The perforated PVC pipes through which stormwater is to be dispersed into
the ground should be enclosed in washed gravel wrapped in a layer of non -woven filter fabric to
minimize silt intrusion into the pipes. Sufficient cleanouts at strategic locations should be
provided for periodically cleaning the pipe to prevent clogging. For the design of the infiltration
vault or trenches, we recommend an infiltration rate not exceeding 5.0 iph (inches per hour) be
used. This infiltration rate should include a factor of safety of 2.0. Higher design infiltration
rate, if desired, should be verified by in -situ infiltration tests.
BUILDING FOUNDATIONS
Conventional footing foundations may be used for supporting the buildings to be constructed oil
the building lots. The footing foundations should be placed on or into the very -dense fresh till
soils, or on compacted structural fill based on the fresh till. Water should not be allowed to
accumulate in excavated building footprints. Disturbed soils in footing trenches should be
completely removed or thoroughly re -compacted prior to pouring concrete for the footings.
LIU & ASSOCIATES9 INC.
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July 20, 2003
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L&A Job No. 3AO87
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If the above recommendations are followed, our recommended design criteria for footing
foundations are as follows:
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Allowable soil bearing pressure for footing foundations, including dead and live loads,
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should be no greater than 2,500 psf. The footing bearing soils should be verified on -site
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by a geotechnical engineer after the footing trenches have been excavated and bef
footings are poured.
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The minimum depth to bottom of perimeter footings below adjacent final exterior grade
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should be no less than 18 inches. Tile minimum depth to bottom of the interior footings
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below top of floor slab should be no less than 12 inches.
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The widths of footing foundations should be deterniined based the total loads they
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support and the above recommended allowable soil bearing pressure. Tile minimum
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width, however, should be no less than 16 inches for continuous footings and no than
24 inches for individual footings.
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A one-third increase in the above recommended allowable soil bearing pressure may be used
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when considering short-term, transitory, wind or seismic loads. For footing foundations designed
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and constructed per recommendations above, we estimate that the maximum total post -
construction settlement of the buildings should be 3/8 inch or less and the differential settlement
across building width should be 1/4 inch or less.
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Lateral loads on buildings can be resisted by the friction force between the foundations and the
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subgrade soils or the passive earth pressure acting on the below -grade portion of the roundations.
For the latter, the foundations must be poured "neat" against undisturbed soils or backfilled with
a clean, free -draining, compacted structural fill. We recommend that an equivalent fluid density
(EFD) of 350 pef (pounds per cubic foot) for the passive earth pressure be used for lateral
resistance. Tile above passive pressure assumes that the backfill is level or inclines upward
LIU & ASSOCIATES9 INC.
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July 20, 2003
5-Unit Townhomes
L&A Job No. ' )A087
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behind the foundations for a horizontal distance at least twice the depth of the foundations below
final grade. A coefficient of friction of 0.65 between the foundations and the subgrade soils may
be used in calculating
be used. These are unfactored values, and a proper factor of safety should 0
the resisting forces against lateral loads on the buildings.
SLAB -ON -GRADE FLOORS
Slab -on -grade floors, if used, should be placed on firm subgrade prepared as outlined in the SITE
PREPARATION AND GENERAL EARTHWORK and the STRUCTURAL FILL sections of
this report. Where moisture control is critical, the slab -on -grade floors should be placed on a
capillary break which is in turn placed on the compacted subgrade. The capillary break should
consist of a minimum four -inch -thick layer of free -draining gravel or crushed rock containing no
more than 5% by weight passing the No. 4 sieve. We recommend that a vapor barrier, such as a
6-mil plastic membrane, be placed over the capillary break to keep moisture from migrating
upwards.
DRIVEWAY PAVEMENT
Performance of roadway pavement is critically related to the conditions of the underlying
subgrade. We recornmend that the subgrade soils within the roadways be treated and prepared as
described in the SITE section of this report.
Prior to placing base material, the subgrade soils should be compacted to a non -yielding state
with a vibratory roller compactor and proof -rolled with a piece of heavy construction equipment,
such as a fully -loaded durnp truck. Any areas with excessive weaving or deflection should be
over -excavated and re-cornpacted or replaced with a structural fill or crushed rock placed and
compacted in accordance with the recommendations provided in the STRUCTURAL FILL
section of this report.
LIU & ASSOCIATES9 INC.
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We recommend that a minimum 6-inch-thick, compacted, crushed rock base (CRB), consisting
of 5/8-inch-minus crushed rock, be used for the roadways. Such crushed rock base may not be
required if the roadways are based on cuts into undisturbed, native, very -dense, fresh till. rhe
crushed rock or subgrade base should be topped with 3-inch asphalt treated base (ATB) topped
by 2-inch-thick Class B asphalt concrete (AC).
SITE DRAINAGE
Site and Driveway Grading
The on -site surficial soils are of moderately low permeability, while the underlying fresh till soils
e -surface
are practically impervious. They can be saturated quickly and heavy runoff and n ar
may, be encountered during periods of heavy rain. To minimize potential
groundwatei
difficulties for site grading work due to storm runoff during construction, one or more lines of
ditches or curtain drains should be used, as required, to intercept storrn runoff and near -surface
groundwater flow. Water thus collected should be discharged into a nearby storm sewer.
Runoff over Impervious Surfaces
Storm runoff over impervious surface, such as roofs and driveway, should be collected by
underground drain line systems connected to downspouts and by catch basins. Stormwater thus
collected should be tightlined to discharge into a suitable stormwater disposal facility.
Building Footing Drains
A subdrain Should be installed around the perimeter footings of each townhome building to
minimize accumulation of groundwater tinder the buildings. The subdrains should consist of a 4-
inch-minimurn-diameter, perforated, rigid, drain pipe, laid a few inches below the bottom of
perimeter footings. The trenches and the drain lines should have a sufficient gradient to generate
flow by gravity. The drain lines should be embedded in washed gravel completely wrapped in
LIU & ASSOCIATES9 INC.
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July 20, 2003
5-Unit'rownhornes
L&A job No. 3AO87
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11011-woven filter fabric to within about 12 inches of finish grade. The remaining trench may be
backfilled with on -site imp ervious soils. Water collected by the perimeter footing subdrains
should be tightlined, separately from the roof and surface stormw ater drain s ystems. to discharge
into a storm sewer or a Suitable storrnwa ter disposal facility.
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LIMITATIONS
the xcl sive use by
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This report has been prepared for the specific application to this project f
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SCL Enterprises LLC, and their associates, representatives, and consultants. We recommend that
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this report, in its entirety, be included in the project contract documents for the infori -nation of the
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prospective contractors for their estimating and bidding purposes. The conclusions and
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interpretations in this report, ho wever, should not be construed as a warranty of the subsurface
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conditions. The scope o f this Study does not include services related to c onstruction safety
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precautions and our reco rnmendations are not intended to direct the contractor's methods,
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techniques, sequences or procedures, except as specifically described in this report for design
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considerations.
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Ou I r re commendations and conclusions are based on soil conditions encountered in the test pits,
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fes ional opinions derived in a manner consistent with the level of care
are pro s,
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recommendations
and skill ordinarily exercised by other members of the profession currently practicing under
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similar conditions in this area. No warranty, expres sed or implied, is made.
The site subsurface conditions enc OLintered in the test pits may vary from those actually
encountered during construction. The nature and extent 0 f such variations may not become
evident until construction starts. ir variations ap pear then, we should be retained to re-evalLiate
LIU & ASSOCIATES9 INC.