2019_01_02_Madrona School_ABT Report_MD_FINAL.pdfNEXUS
747 Fawcett Avenue, Suite C
Tacoma, WA 98402
(253) 625-7090
NEXUSbec.com
01/02/2019
Prepared by:
Michael Drexler
Madrona School
WHOLE BUILDING AIR LEAKAGE TEST RESULTS
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FIELD REPORT 01 - WHOLE BUILDING AIR LEAKAGE TEST
Project: Madrona School Report No.:01
Client: Insulation Contractors NEXUS Project No.:17091NX
Date: January 2, 2019 Time:08:00 - 18:00
Weather: Cloudy/Overcast Temp. Range:42°F - 46°F
Present at Site:
Michael Drexler NEXUS
Jonathan Rowan NEXUS
OVERVIEW
On January 2nd, 2019, NEXUS performed Whole Building Air Leakage Test of the installed air barrier on the new
construction at Madrona School, 9300 236th ST. SW, Edmonds, WA 98020. Air barrier tests were completed
in each of the six (6) separate buildings on site. Building A/B, C1 and C2, D1 - D3 were all tested on the same
day. Each building section, according to the contractor, was an isolated building from the remainder of the
structures. The buildings are newly constructed replacements for the Madrona School in the Edmonds School
District. The buildings are wood-framed with masonry and metal claddings. The following report presents the
air barrier test results for each building.
Reference Documents:
• ASTM E779 Standard Test Method for Determining Air Leakage Rate by Fan Pressurization
• ASTM E1186-03, Standard Practices for Air Leakage Site Detection in Building Envelopes and Air Barrier
Systems
OBSERVATIONS & DISCUSSIONS
1.01 - TEST SETUP AND PROCEDURE
Note: All envelope calculations listed below were determined by NEXUS from a take-off of a PDF set of
drawings received from the contractor (Drawings dated January 9th, 2017). The final envelope areas should
be confirmed with and determined by the architect of record.
Building A/B is comprised of a ‘Total Envelope’ of 110,801 square feet. NEXUS used a total of six (6) 8,000 cfm
fans at two separate entrance doors on the south elevation.
Buildings C1 and C2 are comprised of a ‘Total Envelope’ of 15,839 square feet EACH. NEXUS used a total of one
(1) 8,000 cfm fan at one entrance doors on the north elevation of each building.
Buildings D1, D2, and D3 are comprised of a ‘Total Envelope’ of 22,437 square feet EACH. NEXUS used a total of
one (1) 8,000 cfm fan at one entrance doors on the north elevation of each building.
Figure 001:
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Figure 002:
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NEXUS inspected the facility to verify that all interior doors were in a open position, selected ceiling tiles were
removed, floor drain and sink traps were primed or sealed, exterior doors were shut and latched, motorized
and gravity dampers were in the closed position or otherwise sealed off, and exhaust outlets sealed. The
contractor confirmed the HVAC system had been shut down and louvers were closed.
After these items were confirmed complete as noted above, six (6) fans were placed at two doorways on the
south elevation for building A/B and one (1) fan was placed at a doorway in the middle of buildings C1, C2, D1 -
D3. A preliminary test pressure of 75 Pa was set and attained under de-pressurization. With the assurance that
an induced pressure of 75 Pa could be attained in at least one direction, the whole building pressure verifica-
tion test was begun under de-pressurization. Pressure readings were monitored at points out of direct flow of
the fan to confirm uniform pressure distribution within the building as dictated by the testing protocol. Testing
was performed and recorded using Retrotec Fantestic software.
The envelope was first de-pressurized and then pressurized with the door fans per ASTM E779. Air flow read-
ings were taken at twelve pressures starting at 40 Pa and increased in equal increments towards a maximum
of 75 Pa for both de-pressurization and pressurization of the building envelope. From the compiled pressure
readings, a correlation value showing the confidence and the reliability of the final measurement was deter-
mined. Pressure monitoring of the space was conducted with multiple pressure tubes placed throughout the
building to include the main floor and basement level to ensure proper pressure balancing. Bias pressures and
wind speed were also recorded and factored into the final measurement.
The results of each test are listed in TABLES #1 - #6 below. See Images 002 - 013 for test set-up documentation.
INFRARED THERMOGRAPHY
Infrared thermography survey was conducted to assess the thermal performance and air-tightness of the build-
ing envelope following testing. Infrared thermography is a non-invasive means of detecting building anomalies
which may derive their origins or patterns from such circumstances as construction patterns, diverse materials,
thermal bridging, air movement, the presence of moisture, energized electrical systems, lack of materials (such
as insulation), heat generating mechanical systems and chemical/biological activity.
An anomaly is a captured thermal pattern within an image which has a noticeable area or a specific signature
unique to the adjacent surroundings. These thermal variations often correlate to one or more causal factors.
This method uses the theories of thermal dynamics to capture images or thermograms of heat differentials that
are present in buildings. When applied to building evaluations, surveys, or inspections, infrared thermography
can provide immediate documentation of on-site conditions, damaged building materials, electrical problems,
water intrusion, point source damage, heat loss; material failures, pre- and post- remediation, construction
quality, insect infestations and wayward ventilation.
Thermography combines the physics of thermal dynamics with technology in such a way that it captures high
definition images of emitted heat energy. This invisible heat energy lies within the wavelength of the infrared
portion of the electromagnetic spectrum. Hence, the infrared thermal imager was developed to “capture” and
transcribe the detected heat radiation into visual images. These images are frequently called infrared thermo-
grams. When recorded radiometrically, they contain digital pixels which represent the received infrared energy.
This gives the thermograms a “quantitative” capability which is very useful for further analysis. The images or
infrared thermograms themselves tend to be “qualitative” for an audience, offering a relatively straightforward
pattern of light and dark hues for comparison. Capturing and collecting thermal imagery, especially for research
and study, has with it a set of protocols, tools, and limitations. It is essential that thermographic surveys and
studies be completed by a trained and certified thermographer to ensure reliable and accurate results.
Figure 001:
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Figure 002:
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During the pressurization and de-pressurization of the building, NEXUS surveyed the exterior building envelope
using an infrared camera with a thermal sensitivity (or N.E.T.D.) of <0.0350C (@ 30°C) and a temperature range
of -40°F to 3632°F (-40°C to 2000°C) and performed the testing on the building envelope in accordance with
ISO 6781:1983 and ASTM C1060-90. NEXUS was able to determine air leakage pathways using ASTM E1186-03,
Standard Practices for Air Leakage Site Detection in Building Envelopes and Air Barrier Systems. A pictorial
record of the testing and inspection is included in the Photographic Documentation below.
1.02 - TEST RESULTS
TABLE #1 - BUILDING A/B
Madrona School - Whole Building Pressure Verification Test Results Building A/B
Test Air Leakage @75Pa (cfm)cfm/f2 @75Pa Result
Allowable 44320 .40
De-Pressurization 13505 .122 PASS
Pressurization 14699 .133 PASS
Average 14072 .127 PASS
TABLE #2 - BUILDING C1
Madrona School - Whole Building Pressure Verification Test Results Building C1
Test Air Leakage @75Pa (cfm)cfm/f2 @75Pa Result
Allowable 6335 .40
De-Pressurization 1439 .091 PASS
Pressurization 1595 .101 PASS
Average 1520 .096 PASS
TABLE #3 - BUILDING C2
Madrona School - Whole Building Pressure Verification Test Results Building C2
Test Air Leakage @75Pa (cfm)cfm/f2 @75Pa Result
Allowable 6335 .40
De-Pressurization 1689 .107 PASS
Pressurization 1853 .117 PASS
Average 1774 .112 PASS
TABLE #4 - BUILDING D1
Madrona School - Whole Building Pressure Verification Test Results Building D1
Test Air Leakage @75Pa (cfm)cfm/f2 @75Pa Result
Allowable 8975 .40
De-Pressurization 2023 .090 PASS
Pressurization 2389 .106 PASS
Average 2199 .098 PASS
Figure 001:
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Figure 002:
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TABLE #5 - BUILDING D2
Madrona School - Whole Building Pressure Verification Test Results Building D2
Test Air Leakage @75Pa (cfm)cfm/f2 @75Pa Result
Allowable 8975 .40
De-Pressurization 2597 .116 PASS
Pressurization 3664 .163 PASS
Average 3141 .140 PASS
TABLE #6 - BUILDING D3
Madrona School - Whole Building Pressure Verification Test Results Building D3
Test Air Leakage @75Pa (cfm)cfm/f2 @75Pa Result
Allowable 8975 .40
De-Pressurization 2142 .095 PASS
Pressurization 2657 .118 PASS
Average 2401 .107 PASS
The buildings performed very well under both pressurization and de-pressurization testing well below the speci-
fied maximum allowable leakage rate of 0.40 cfm/sf. Air infiltration was observed in two primary locations:
• Door/window frame to wall connections. All sealing needs to occur on the exterior.
• Roof to Wall connections at mechanical space
The infrared images below show areas where air infiltration was observed (See Images 014 - 043). Sealing of
these areas, while not required with the passing air infiltration rate, will result in an even tighter, better per-
forming buildings. In particular, sealing the air infiltration occurring between the window/door frame connec-
tion to the walls will have the biggest impact on energy usage and air quality.
Figure 001:
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GENERAL NOTES
1. FOR FLOOR FINISHES SEE A-171.
2. FOR REFLECTED CEILING PLANS SEE A-151.
3. REFER TO E-521A THROUGH E-522 FOREMERGENCY VOICE COMMUNICATIONSYSTEM COMPONENTS AND LOCATIONS.
CCD-002R1
A. EMERGENCY EVACUATION PLANS TO BE PROVIDED AT FINAL INSPECTION IFCSECTION 403.5.B. EMERGENCY RESPONDER RADIO SYSTEM EVALUATION REQUIRED TO DETERMINETHE NEED FOR A SYSTEM. RESULTS TO BE PROVIDED TO THE FIRE MARSHAL’SOFFICE.C. FIRE EXTINGUISHERS TO BE PROVIDED IN ACCORDANCE WITH IFC TABLE 906.3(1).D. IF SITE ENTRY GATE IS PROVIDED IT MUST COMPLY WITH FIRE DEPARTMENTSTANDARD.E. PROVIDE GUARD POST WHERE HYDRANTS, TANKS, GENERATORS, GAS METERSARE SUBJECT TO VEHICLE IMPACT. IFC SECTION 312.F. PROVIDE FIRE PROTECTION AND UTILITY IDENTIFICATION (SIGNS) AND ACCESS. IFCSECTION 509.G. IF A “TIME OUT” ROOM IS PROVIDED, IT MUST MEET THE REQUIREMENTS OF WAC388- 145-1830.H. THE ONSITE GENERATOR MUST COMPLY WITH IFC SECTION 604.I. FIRE DISTRICT CONTACT: DFM KARL FITTERER, 425-775-7720.
FIRE MARSHAL NOTES:
NORTH
1 2 3 4 5 6
D
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B
A
1 2 3 4 5 6
D
C
B
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COPYRIGHT MAHLUM ARCHITECTS, INC. 2011 ORIGINAL SHEET SIZE: 30"x42"
ISSUE:
PROJECT NO:
DRAWN BY:
CHECKED BY:
ISSUE DATE:
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MADRONA SCHOOLREPLACEMENT
9300 236TH ST. SW,EDMONDS, WA 98020
2015913.00
DM
AD/EM
BUILDING PERMIT
09 JANUARY 2017
FLOOR PLAN - OVERALL
A-111 1/16" = 1'-0"A1 FLOOR PLAN - OVERALL
CCD-002
ADD-01 03/17/17 PHASE 1 BID SETADDENDUM 01
CCD-002 05/24/17 CONFORMED SET
Building A/B
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Image 001:
Overall floor plan with each building section marked for reference.
Figure 001:
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PHOTOGRAPHIC DOCUMENTATION
Image 002:
Overview of the building upon arrival to the site.
Image 003:
In building A/B on the east elevation one door had not
been delivered to the site. This door was sealed by the
contractor to facilitate the air barrier test.
Image 004:
Overview of the primary fan setup for building A/B located
at grid line D/3.
Image 005:
Overview of the control center.
Figure 001:
Caption for Image Here
Figure 002:
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Image 006:
Overview of the two fan setup for building A/B located at
grid line E/2.2
Image 007:
Blue interior pressure monitoring tubes were run through-
out the building.
Image 008:
Another example of blue interior pressure tubes run
throughout the building. This location was run into the
gym.
Image 009:
Blue interior pressure tubes were run throughout the build-
ing into each wing.
Figure 001:
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Figure 002:
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Image 010:
The red exterior pressure tube was run outside out of direct
flow of the fan and protected from wind.
Image 011:
Overview of a typical fan and control setup for buildings C1,
C2, and D1-D3.
Image 012:
Overview of the typical control center setup for tests of
buildings C1, C2, and D1-D3.
Image 013:
Blue interior tube was run into the center of the building
for pressure monitoring. Typical for buildings C1, C2, and
D1-D3 tests.
Figure 001:
Caption for Image Here
Figure 002:
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IMAGES OF BUILDING UNDER DE-PRESSURIZATION
Interior images are taken while the building is under de-pressurization with cooler (darker) areas indicating
potential pathways of air infiltration, thermal bridging, cold spots, etc. Infrared (IR) thermographic images are
shown on the left side of the page with the corresponding visible light image of the same area to the right.
Image 014:
Air infiltration observed under the doors was common
throughout all buildings. In the image to the right light is
visible under the door.
Image 015:
Image 016:
Air infiltration was observed between the frame and walls
throughout all buildings.
Image 017:
Figure 001:
Caption for Image Here
Figure 002:
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Image 018:
Air infiltration was observed between clear plastic sheet
and mechanical penetration in the maintenance room on
the east elevation of Building A/B. If the clear plastic sheet
is the air barrier, taping of the seams and penetrations will
seal the air infiltration.
Image 019:
Image 020:
Air infiltration observed between the door/window frame
and drywall.
Image 021:
Figure 001:
Caption for Image Here
Figure 002:
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Image 022:
Air infiltration observed between door frame and drywall
at interior.
Image 023:
Image 024:
Air infiltration observed at the door frame to wall connec-
tion. This location is in the gym.
Image 025:
Figure 001:
Caption for Image Here
Figure 002:
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Image 026:
Air infiltration observed at the skylights throughout the
building.
Image 027:
Image 028:
Another example of air infiltration observed at skylights
throughout the building.
Image 029:
Figure 001:
Caption for Image Here
Figure 002:
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IMAGES OF BUILDING UNDER PRESSURIZATION
Exterior images are taken while the building is under pressurization with warmer (lighter) areas indicating po-
tential pathways of air ex-filtration from the interior of the building, thermal bridging, warm spots, etc. Infrared
(IR) thermographic images are shown on the left side of the page with the corresponding visible light image of
the same area to the right.
Image 030:
Air ex-filtration observed at the door/window frame to wall
and between the wall to soffit transition.
Image 031:
Image 032:
Air ex-filtration observed between the door/window frame
and at doors.
Image 033:
Figure 001:
Caption for Image Here
Figure 002:
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Image 034:
Air ex-filtration observed below doors.
Image 035:
Image 036:
Air ex-filtration observed at door/window frame to wall
and at wall to soffit transition.
Image 037:
Figure 001:
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Figure 002:
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Image 038:
Air ex-filtration observed at wall to soffit transition in multi-
ple locations around the structure.
Image 039:
Image 040:
Air ex-filtration was observed at the main entrance doors
at grid line K/2-2.2. The air ex-filtration was observed be-
tween the frame and wall/soffit.
Image 041:
Figure 001:
Caption for Image Here
Figure 002:
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Image 042:
Close up of the air ex-filtration shown in image 042.
Image 043:
END OF REPORT
Report prepared by Michael Drexler (mdrexler@NEXUSbec.com) for use by Insulation Contractors and Forma
Construction.
Figure 001:
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Figure 002:
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