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MoldResults_C19-1682_0_636947496592139637.pdfImmunoLytics 5930 Midway Park Blvd Albuquerque, NM 87109 lmmunoLytics Phone: (505) 217-0339 Fax: 505-822-8063 Email: info@immunolytics.com Web: http://www.immunolytics.com Client: Glenn H Choate and Address: 550 Elm Way Unit 201 Edmonds, WA 98020 Phone Email: Lab Number: Date Received: Date Analyzed: Analyst: Testing Medium: Median Temperature Median Humidity: 425-640-6505 ssmatsuo@aol.com C19-1682 Susan Matsuo 05/24/19 05/28/19 Sophia Hampton Sabouraud Dextrose Agar 250 C >_70 % Revision #: 0 Total Date Lab Sample ID Client Sample ID Count Matrix Sampled Test C19-1682-1 Kitchen Wall 23 Air 05/14/19 Genus ID/Count Lily Castro, Laboratory Manager This report is based on the review of the samples submitted by the customer to the laboratory, and is therefore qualified to the extent that neither ImmunoLytics, nor any of its affiliates, performed the collection procedures. Further this report should not be viewed as an analysis or comprehensive identification of all hazards that may or may not exist within the facility or structure form and in which the samples were collected, and neither ImmunoLytics, nor any of its affiliates make any representation concerning the condition of the facility, structure or environment therein. This report is limited to the identification of the substances noted above that were observed or found in the samples as tested in the laboratory. Any miscellaneous project information or footnotes will appear below. Analytical results are not corrected for method blanks or field blanks. Report Date: 5/29/2019 11:00:59 AM Page 1 Lab Number: C19-1682 Revision #: 0 Kitchen Wall (C19-1682-1) Organism Count Included in count? Alternaria 1 Candida 2 Penicillium 20 Total Colonies/Count for Sample: 23 Report Date: 512912019 11:00:59 AM Page 2 Lab Number: C19-1682 Revision #: 0 Report Date: 512912019 11:00:59 AM Page 3 Lab Number: C19-1682 Revision #: 0 Introduction: Mold is found in all environments and is a vital part of our ecosystem, serving to biodegrade waste organic matter (old leaves, un-picked fruit, etc). There are many thousands of known mold species. Mold typically reproduces through the use of spores, which, individually, are too small to see with the naked eye. When these spores land in an environment containing organic material that is suitable for use as a food source (such as old bread, cardboard, drywall, etc.) and that has a supply of at least some level of moisture (even humidity >60% in a room may suffice), the spores begin to grow into individual colonies, which we can see visually. These colonies then continue reproducing. This reproduction process can result in the production of a tremendous number of spores within a colony, which can then be spread in to the air, beginning the process anew. Many molds also produce mycotoxins (poisons) that serve as a defense mechanism to inhibit the growth of other micro-organisms in the areas around them. Elevated concentrations of mold spores have been known to produce allergic reactions and many other health symptoms in those who have compromised or dysfunctional immune systems. However, there are no established regulatory standards indicating the level of contamination at which human health is adversely affected. The presence of mold spores does not necessarily indicate potential health affects. Interpretation of Results: Various mold spores have been identified. Since there are currently no regulatory defined or acceptable airborne mold spore concentration levels, i.e. Maximum Contaminant Levels as defined by a recognized authority such as the Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) or the American Council of Governmental Industrial Hygienists (ACGIH), the following health scale is utilized to determine potential health affects for mold susceptible individuals. Gravity Plate Agar Results (1 hour Exposure) Health Effects Concern 0 to 4 total mold colonies per area (room) Is within a normal range 5 to 8 total mold colonies per area (room) Is cause for concern - illness is possible in individuals who are susceptible 9 or greater total mold colonies per area (room) Is hazardous - illness likely in individuals who are susceptible Adopted from Dr. Donald P. Dennis, Chronic Sinusitis: Defective T-Cells Responding to Superantigens, Treated by Reduction of Fungi in the Nose and Air in July 2003 (Vol. 58 , No. 7), Archives of Environmental Health. The listed health scale applies to indoor air samples only. Swab samples, tap test samples and air samples from unoccupied areas (e.g. — attics and crawlspaces) do not fall under this health scale. Interpretation of these results is left to the client's environmental specialist. Listed on the next page(s) are the molds observed in the submitted samples and their associated characteristics/toxins. A health professional should be consulted to assess potential health effects of exposed individuals. Report Date: 512912019 11:00:59 AM Page 4 Lab Number: C19-1682 Revision # Mold/Organism Characteristics Alternaria Common saprobe or plant pathogen. Isolated from plant debris, soils, foods, and textiles. Grows well on cellulose surfaces, such as wallboard and paint, with a low level of moisture provided. Can lead to opportunistic infections in immunocompromised and wound patients. Associated mycotoxins Gliotoxin, tenuazonic acid, altenuic acid, altenariol and alternariol monomethyl ether Candida Candida is a yeast and there are approximately 154 species. Candida is the most common cause of opportunistic mycoses worldwide. It is also a frequent colonizer of human skin and mucous membranes and is part of the normal flora of skin, mouth, vagina, and stool. As well as being a pathogen and a colonizer, it is found in the environment, particularly on leaves, flowers, water, and soil. Infections with Candida albicans, glabrato, tropicalis, and krusei have been shown to cause disease and ultimate death in many different patient types. Penicillium Penicillium is a filamentous fungi of more then 350 species that is found widespread, particularly in soil, decaying vegetation, and the air. Penicillium is commonly considered a contaminant but may cause infections, particularly in immunocompromised hosts. This fungi can produce penicillin, a molecule that is used as an antibiotic, which kills or stops the growth of certain kinds of bacteria inside the body. In addition to the infectious potential, Penicillium is known to produce mycotoxins such as ochratoxin A. Associated mycotoxins : 3-Nitropropionic Acid, 9-deacetylfumigaclavine, C, AcT1, Aflatoxin B1, Aflatoxin B2, Aflatoxin 132a , Aflatoxin B3, Aflatoxin G1, Aflatoxin G2, Aflatoxin M1, Aflatrem, Altenuic acid, Alternariol, Aspertoxin, Austamide, Austdiol, Austin, Austocystin A, Brevianamide A, Citreoviridin, Citrinin, Cyclopiazonic Acid, Cytochalasin E, Dechloronidulin, Destructin B, Echinuline, Emestrin, Emodin/Archin/Emodol/Frandulic Acid, Fumagillin, Fumigaclavine A, Fumigaclavine C, Fumitremorgin A, Fumitremorgin C, Fumonisin B2, Gliotoxin, Helvolic Acid, Islanditoxin, Kojic Acid, Malformin C, Malformins, Maltoryzine, Methyl-sulochrin, Neoechinuline, O-methyl-Sterigmatocystin, O-Methyl dihydrosterigmatocystin, Ochratoxin A, Ochratoxin B, Ochratoxin C, Oxalic acid, Patulin, Penicillic Acid, Penitrem, Phthioic Acid, Pyripropene A, Restrictocin, Rubratoxin, Rubroskyrin, Rubrosulphin, Rugulosin, Secalonic Acid D, Sterigmatocystin, Terpeptin A, Terpeptin B, Terreic Acid, Terretonin, Territrem A, Tryptoquivaline A, Verruculogen, Versicolorin A, Verruculogen Viomellein, Viopurpurin, Viriditoxin, Xanthocillin, Xanthomegnin Report Date: 512912019 11:00:59 AM Page 5 Lab Number: C19-1682 Revision #: 0 References: 1. Atlas of Clinical Fungi, 2nd Edition. G.S. de Hoog, J. Guarro, J. Gene & M.J. Figueras. Centraalbureau voor Schimmelcultures / Unkersitat Rovira I Virgili, 2000. 2. Pictorial Atlas of Soil and Seed Fungi, Morphologies of Cultered Fungi and Key to Species, 2"d Edition. Tsuneo Watanabe. CRC Press, 2002. 3. Medically Important Fungi, A Guide to Identification, 5t" Edition. Davise H. Larone. ASM Press, 2011. 4. Identifying Filamentous Fungi, A Clinical Laboratory Handbook, 2nd Edition. Guy St -Germain, Richard Summerbell. Star Publishing Company, 2011. 5. Bioaerosols: Assessment and Control. Janet Macher. American Conference of Government Industrial Hygienists, 1999. 6. EPA — The Inside Story: A Guide to Indoor Air Quality (http://www.epa.gov/iaq/pubs/insidest.htm]). U.S. EPA/Office of Air and Radiation, Office of Radiation and Indoor Air (6609J), Cosponsored with the Consumer Report Date: 512912019 11:00:59 AM Page 6