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Phase I hearing plans.pdfOLD MILLTOWN 201 5th AVENUE SOUTH - EDMONDS, WA PHASE II- UPPER DAYTON BUILDING RENOVATION AND 3RD FLOOR ADDITION - ADB PERMIT SUBMITTAL GENERAL INFORMATION: • ADDRESS: 201 STH AVE SOUTH EDMONDS, WA 98020 • PARCEL NUMBER FOR OLD MILLTOWN: 00434212100100 • LEGAL DESCRIPTION FOR OLD MILLTOWN: CITY OF EDMONDS ELK 121 D-00- LOTS 1,2,3,4,5,6 TGW N112 PTN VAC ALLEY ADJ TO LOTS 12,3,4 • ZONE: BC / DOWNTOWN BUSINESS • CONSTRUCTION TYPE: VA WI NFRA-13 FIRE SPRINKLER SYSTEM • LANDSCAPE REQUIREMENTS: NONE, ZERO LOT LINE DEVELOPMENT • PARKING: EXISTING BUILDING AND PARKING AS SHOWN ON ADJACENT PARKING LOT AREAS IS AND ACCEPTED UNDER THE CURRENT CODE. THE NET NEW AREA ADDED TO THE PROJECT WILL REQUIRE AN ADDITIONAL 6 PARKING SPACES WHICH ARE LOCATED ON THE 2ND FLOOR OFF OF THE ALLEY. • BUILDING AND SITE LIGHTING: EXISTING STREET AND SIDEWALK LIGHTING IS ALL THAT IS CURRENTLY PLANNED. RETAIL ENTRY LIGHTING AND SIGNAGE LIGHTING WILL BE SUBMITTED UNDER SEPARATE PERMIT. OTHER WORK: THE FOLLOWING WORK SHALL BE UNDER DEFERRED SUBMITTALANDIOR SEPARATE PERMIT AND SHALL BE EITHER BIDDER OR TENANT DESIGNED IN ACCORDANCE WITH ALL CURRENT CODES AND STANDARDS AS REQUIRED BY THE CITY OF EDMONDS AND ALL APPLICABLE CODES BUILDING PERMIT " HEATING, VENTILATING AND AIR-CONDITIONING PLUMBING, STATE ELECTRICAL AND LIGHTING (INTERIORAND EXTERIOR ENTRANCE) (THIS PERMIT IS OBTAINED FROM LAND 1) FIRE SPRINKLER AND DETECTION SYSTEMS " SIG NAGE ` FIRE ALARM • SHOP DRAWINGS SIDE SEWER WATER METER `TENANT IMPROVEMENTS MAINTENANCE BONDS DEMOLITION GENERAL NOTES: THE WORK OF THIS CONTRACT SHALL COMPLY WITH ALL APPLICABLE CODES AND STANDARDS INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE FOLLOWING: • 2003 INTERNATIONAL BUILDING CODE (INCLUDINGACCESSIBILITY) WITH STATE AMENDMENTS • NRCA EDITION 5 • SMACNAARCHITECTURAL SHEET METAL MANUAL( 5TH EDITION 11993 • OUR SEALANT MANUAL: BASIC INSTRUCTIONS ON THE ESSENTIALS OF SEALANT INSTALLATION I AVAILABLE FROM UNITED PROFESSIONALS INC- * ALL APPLICABLE FEDERAL SPECIFICATIONS AND ASTM STANDARDS • 2003 INTERNATIONAL MECHANICAL CODE (INCLUDING INTERNATIONAL FEL GAS CODE) WITH STATEAMENDMENTS • 2003 INTERNATIONAL FIRE CODE WITH STATE AMENDMENTS • 2003 UNIFORM PLUMBING CODE WITH STATE AMENDMENTS • 2004 WASHINGTON STATE ENERGY CODE MAC 51-11) • 2003 WASHINGTON STATE VENTILATION INDOORAIR QUALITY CODE (WAC 51-13) • EDMONDS COMMUNITY DEVELOPMENT CODE CONTRACTOR TO VERIFY ALL DIMENSIONS. SCOPE OF WORK: RENOVATE EXISTING STRUCTURE TO PROVIDE NEW RETAIL AND CONDOMINIUM/ PARKING FUNCTIONS. ADDITION OF3RD FLOOR FOR A TOTAL OF THREE CONDOMINIUM UNITS. OWNER: GREGG PRODUCTION ASSOCIATES, INC. 51 W DAYTON ST, SUITE 304 EDMONDS, WA95020 ARCHITECT: RALPH ALLEN GRACE ARCHITECTS Inc. 1927 POST ALLEY SEATTLE, WA9B101 (206)957-9800 STRUCTURAL: JRP ENGINEERING, INC. 2150 NORTH 107TH ST, SUITE 375 SEATTLE, WA98133 (206)361-7100 GENERAL CONTRACTOR BELFOR 3826 WOODLAND PARKAVE. N SEATTLE, WA9B103 (206) 02-0800 SURVEYOR: PETERSON CONSULTING ENGINEERS. INC. 4010 LAKE WASHINGTON BLVD NE, SUITE 300 KIRKLAND, WA98033 (425) 8275874 2311FF I BUILDING TO ADJACENT BUILDINGS MAP DRAWING INDEX SHEET# DESCRIPTION DEMO PERMIT SUBMITTAL ADB SUBMITTAL A1.0 TITLE SHEET X X A1.0.1 SITE SURVEY PLAN 1 EXISTING CONDITIONS X A1.0.2 SITE PLAN X X D1.0 TRUCK HAUL ROUTE PLAN X D1.1 SITE STAGING AND TRAFFIC CONTROL PLAN X D2.0 EXISTING - DEMO PLAN - LEVEL I X D2.1 EXISTING - DEMO PLAN - LEVEL 2 X D22 EXISTING - DEMO PLAN - ROOF X D3.0 EXISTING - DEMO - ELEVATIONS X A2.0 NEW - PLAN-LEVELI X A2.1 NEW - PLAN - LEVEL 2 X A2.2 NEW - PLAN - LEVEL 3 X A2.3 NEW - PLAN - ROOF X A3.0 RENDERED VIEWS X A3.1 RENDERED VIEWS X A32 RENDERED VIEWS 8 EXISTING PHOTOS X OLD MILLTOWN OCCUPANCY LOAD CALCULATIONS FLOOR ! SPACE USE S.F. I FLOOR AREA ALLOWANCE/ OCCUPANT I TOTAL 1st floor #4 Retail M 2,596 30 Gross 87 { Total for 1st floor =I87 I l 2nd floor I 96Retail 2ndfloor LCConi..p do-bby M a .... 1,175 -.. ..._.............................................. 30Gross ..-15Net ..........- --............. 39 .- 24.......... 2nd floor I Elec Rm 1 S-2 406 .300 Gross 1 2nd floor Parking Garage) S-2 3,311 200 Gross 17 Total for 2nd floor=l81 3rd floor Condo. R3 11,659 200 Gross 58 I f Total for3rd floor =158 I 1 __.._....BufltlrngVA...,T4t !..0m ancytoad=l 22& 1 n4 VICINITY MAP 7nNF MAP � 0 f.RGHITEGTS PLLC 1927 Past Allay Soattla, WA 98101 206-957-9800 T 208-682-3159 F w.wi.g fa--hltecfspll- RE FIVE AUG 0 8 2007 PERMIT COUNTER o aior crtAc�arnnew ruc r mrewoaun�, awoaur �mns x.a��vsa.a 4435 IiEGIS ARCHjIEt STATE OF WASHINGTON OLD MILLTOWN PHASE II EDMONDS, WA COVER SHEET Rqh h'a 7013 ormW.. MJB Dd. 08-08-2007 �R. ADB SUBMITTAL s�-v®at s�rax A-1.0 IDUSIINO CURB �5'N] CUl� ^J IXSTMG — CURB CUT E105TING ERE HYDRANT K V NE CORNER +67.90 FLAGPOLE SLEAYES -SZE AND LOCATE PER CM STANDARDS LILINDER PRIOR PERIGT — U) p CONCRETE_CROSSWAAW CO CORNLRW- ER +S8.B7 , RIM mw I � I LEGEND d SGN a LIGHT i IAFlE TYPE DIAMEIFR IN INCHE� I 0 � OECIEQOUWS I NC NAPI£ I I .. CONIFER I LEGEND EISING SIDEAWXS TO BE REPLACED. RE[OYFD AND 1 PROPERY NNE / BUDC NF j I RECTANGLE am BOUNORY L_____________________________________________________J L-------------------------------------------- _--------- 1 � ' LEIAIDING Ni EiLLDS NW CONKER +58.61 SW CORNER +58.76 HE CORNER + .90 I I SE OMER +66,67 I I L_____________________________________________________J I L________________________AYEjtAGG (.PACE-•fJJL_______________ i NAIONUN HEIGHT ALLOWED +97.7+ ' NOSE QOSIMG CRY 4CN5 ARE SHOWN AT lHEIR 19 SE pORNIR +aS.W PAC pRE-CQ`SI ALL E-N W(ARONS. CQYINM.TOR IS TO dR1ER ' TEINSTALL ALL 9GN6 RdOOO FRW 1HEE I \ I m LO T#-CONSIRUCIRRN lI1GR01S OR COORDINATE MOOINm ' ' DECK N0o 109. \ _- o- I SONAGE REWREAENTS RH THE CITY ENGINEERING r. ' ---------------------------- - E. NEVI PlAN1ElR BOK 5 LOCAlgaa-16 G- G-) u 0-b 11 i COMO M TO BE REMOVED PRaPWIY LINE BLDG ERT R9.4LE NEW CORKM SWCrU E ABOVE E051NG AWNING TO BE REYOVW NEW CORNICE STRUCTURE ADM DGSnNG 06 TO BE REMOr@ —BUEDING ROCF EDGE OUTUNE UNDER PMOR PENOT MEW BU9DMG FOOTPRRA AT (MADE '11 . `.� NEW ELmAROE 7REtITs ANO ftM7iRS. THIS PERMIT C NEW ERRYtCE ELEAINRO.T o-i UNDER PEOR PER E7dST. BUILDING MISTING FRAUM OUT FOOIPWNf AT ORADE EI'm TD BE MOVED UNDER PRIOR PERNR I HATCHED AREA INDICATES A 15' PED67RIAN EASEME7R AND _ E6SE BUS SLOP fNE PROTECTION YARD PER SfH AVENUE. S I I � I a U I u a r e 5' w'000 FENCE a ROPOSED LOT LINE/Y— y,-R, ABJ S AETRT 18.57' u I 72- 17W _ ____ [Jaw ____ -NC --LO ____ J PROPOSED L07 LDRE 70 IBM /ter D� \ AOJUSiNFNT NOODOOOi i `_ �' ' .� !� MID tD BE PABHCd+91WE-WNeaR--- . PRIOR PENT EXISTING ACCESS9RE ENCLOSURE REMAINwi PAPoONC SIGN UNDER PFWIR �I - 'lel Y S� %f COVERED (TOH�1YALIf B 6 N OCCUPANCY STAC6 D05T•.` t-_- �i UNDER UPPER PIf6ON0 MEA P,, 3.Co' 1 � UNE- TO ' 6 ___ . ?,UNOER OR P �j�� - /�L OFODUN�TNN _yam,•'• o `�.z_� i i• (. ,_1z ' STDP BAR' V aOm' i.JS: S.'; '�NOp'p�o0'E >.2 .�J,4�:- :•T CROSSWALK • 10- RCP. ' .:S S_Q aW CORNER *SL76 S z SITE PLAN 1' = 20'-0' EXISTING RRE HYDRANT N DATUM POINT LOCATION NTS i ARCHITECTS PLL0 o mor aRAcz:ARRm.m PLSD A'I!!'.PP'�'�'a' mmeW W+11.dW 6yhaj Py�J exepl ea eertlalfeeQ hwHErN Lry 6u my69A Taller. 4435 RECTISi ARCEIjfE STATE OF W.4SHINGTON OLD MILLTOWN PHASE II EDMONDS,WA SITE PLAN R4.d". 7013 DrmbF MJB Dft 08-OB-2007 ISSUE, ADBSUBMITTAL SNrANa A-1.0.2 LLL ul w U) z a O TE CROSSWALK 1 I I I - iv0t6'-0' 13'-10' °•' ' N'�-Q•0 y� INEW PLANTERS W/ EUONYMUS� FORTUNEI 1 IRADICANS 'EME LID GAIETY', RUNUS -g4_- WALL LEGEND LAUROCERASUS 'MT. VERNON', & I r7.37 HELLEBORUS N GER, WHITE FO M (3 I NEW WALL LOCATIONS) I I .'v EXISTING WALL I' INEW ACCESSIB IE STAIRS AND HANDRAIL I ` I ¢ �` ,a\�j I • I NEW ACCESSIBI E It II I t55p� IRAMP AND I HANDRAILS 7.60, ❑ CCUPANCY GROSS FE _M NEW SACCESSIBLE STAIRS S�0�6'00� I a'j I i 'AND HANDRAILSON /I \ v uI 'w 4r�N �II I 11 MECH. EQUIO. BOILER/I I �___ �� I I I �/• . \\ j /^ O YARD PUMP R�1. - - - - - �NflO'00'00'�E 117.38'�(- I I.PROPOSED LOT LINE 46.57' 72__ FIRE SPRIN LER ROOM M 80 Gross Ft •• - - tt - _ — - - - - OCCUPAN TYPES2 0 . v. I RETAIL I- I \ Z OC UPANCY a ' EE M = 1881 Gross SgFt d PROPOSED LOT LINE ADJUSTMENT N00'00'00"E I ; I Iv LZii �7. 50' \� I (D O EXISM%N$ •bl&._FIRE WALL (11" CONC.) ? v I N TO BE MAINTAINED: C6AT14RM-f+RE-1roAtt ���� j ri EXIS ING ` I II INTEGRITY AT COMPLETION OF NON BASE ENTSTRUCTURAL DEMOLITION AND REPAIR I Q ANY EXISTING BREACH WITH 4 HIR a3: _ _ J _ �� RATED INFILL ` M RE TAURANT F- n co U 6 6 Z I II OC UPANCY TYPE A-2 O N 4,0 6 Gross SgFt w ±58"75' ipRESTAURANT p------- ------------------------------------------------------------ v I I I �IOCCUPANCY TYPE A-2 I I 0.' OD =-" 64_` s.v 3,285 Gross S Ft a. Z • ' IJ T� FIRE WALL TO TEND ' •°, •• v' a r� ���- _- ; d ° ° v :. ° - - — - - — - - 18" PAST ED E EXOF ROOF 8"fi FOUNTAIN OVERHANG =�:::TOP BAR � . a • •.ov' .o !b, .o°N Y 0•00E-1 ~�___ �•_ y I. N.0•v0'00Ou"oE 235:79 Q a aaf .Nia 4'00,o0 0'E 1a�4.90 °�\.{• �'r`�:� ''V0 .oa .a _• a -..b d tl.°. � v � • — CROS SWALK -- ---- 10" RCP 1 5TH AVENUE S Z� 1ST LEVEL FLOOR PLAN F_ LLI LLL d' y Ltd J 0.. a w .gmwamhjhxftpllmm o aws c,�w�a�ulm uc ay na,oeaela,rar otllih m.ana Harley I.aa,�e.e aural m aw�a n.rwq M m. moFla n IdOar. 4435 REGI ARCHjiE STATE OF WASHINGTON OLD MILLTOWN PHASE II EDMONDS,WA 1ST LEVEL FLOOR PLAN Ageaha 7013 Dre 07 MJB M* 08-08-2007 16 m ADB SUBMITTAL sN A-2.0 I I I I � 6'-4• I ' ti-0' -D' 16'-0• 16' ' v N I 0 0'0 I NEW I 1 STAIRS I N � o RETAll 0 CCU 5GROSS $FE M I 1 q, I I I I PARKIN GARAGE 2 3311 G S SF OCCUPANCY TYPE -S21 F-3-� I it II 4 O `1 7E74.00, ------- T SEPARATE I USE AREA I I I p Oki lod v� 9 laJ i l I r• yr I -�- r CAI I I z I� I CONDO H - ` ° a I w � - a I. aoo Z¢a . w z � �� '�• I i� % 9 i 1 W I I � I O a I 1 V3 (N11 w� �a In N N 1356 NEf SIF _ �� - LOB Y - OCCUPANCY E R3 535 NET ACCESSORY sE I I AREA. LOB IS S% (< 10% OF REA I I AND < 7501S.F.) , I ^ � NEW TRELLIS STAR hBOVE I I NEW IPLANTERS W/ TRACHELO&PERMUM AFEDERATE MR�11JASMINE, LANCHE', INYDRANGEA ANALAI I I P�ETIOLARIS (DECIDUOUS) (2 LOCATIONS) Ff�IT 4E I � 40, 24 GROSS PS� ^ B I I 1 I t I I E I I U �11 J yQ} V1F O a I , 1 I , i I , 1 I , 1 I , I I , I I I 1 1 I 1 t I I I I II I �I WALL LEGEND ' 1 I NEW WALL � I I / i � EXISTING WALL i I I �g2 I I I I 1 I - I l I 1 i I I I I I � , 9 7.50r SpO^�6'00� � F,?XISTING \ DETAINING WALL � 16.00' �S89'57'36"W I I 1 N00'00'00"E 117.39, T r �ROPOSED LOT LINE 7Z r t Aa`JUSTMENT 46.57' !■�■!Jill[. II' /� '�i+ ate i� ��• �'� � � 5TH AVENUE S 14 -- PROPOSED LOT LINE \ ADJUSTMENT N00'00'00"E 72 - b-� �r r r r rsi ' •Q d °E 234'79'•°''Nb0b000'.'E 124.90d•9�•.°���•� '•.o� .'a.'•'Q, °Q•o Z �2ND LEVEL FLOOR PLAN S- 1'-0- 'grac>e o xam owvE uwoaa �c ary nG�u-tlan a,ne al Inb niaNM"eEay anama soap ®vr�w2aa m w�� M tno mplryyR ttwrc. 15--y Ddfusm . REGISTERS ARCHFEC w. STATE OF WASHINGTON OLD MILLTOWN PHASE II EDMONDS,WA 2ND LEVEL FLOOR PLAN bra 7093 I;tewn lry MJB 08.O8-2007 6AIE: ADS SUBMITTAL A-2.1 V3 (N11 w� �a In N N 1356 NEf SIF _ �� - LOB Y - OCCUPANCY E R3 535 NET ACCESSORY sE I I AREA. LOB IS S% (< 10% OF REA I I AND < 7501S.F.) , I ^ � NEW TRELLIS STAR hBOVE I I NEW IPLANTERS W/ TRACHELO&PERMUM AFEDERATE MR�11JASMINE, LANCHE', INYDRANGEA ANALAI I I P�ETIOLARIS (DECIDUOUS) (2 LOCATIONS) Ff�IT 4E I � 40, 24 GROSS PS� ^ B I I 1 I t I I E I I U �11 J yQ} V1F O a I , 1 I , i I , 1 I , 1 I , I I , I I I 1 1 I 1 t I I I I II I �I WALL LEGEND ' 1 I NEW WALL � I I / i � EXISTING WALL i I I �g2 I I I I 1 I - I l I 1 i I I I I I � , 9 7.50r SpO^�6'00� � F,?XISTING \ DETAINING WALL � 16.00' �S89'57'36"W I I 1 N00'00'00"E 117.39, T r �ROPOSED LOT LINE 7Z r t Aa`JUSTMENT 46.57' !■�■!Jill[. II' /� '�i+ ate i� ��• �'� � � 5TH AVENUE S 14 -- PROPOSED LOT LINE \ ADJUSTMENT N00'00'00"E 72 - b-� �r r r r rsi ' •Q d °E 234'79'•°''Nb0b000'.'E 124.90d•9�•.°���•� '•.o� .'a.'•'Q, °Q•o Z �2ND LEVEL FLOOR PLAN S- 1'-0- 'grac>e o xam owvE uwoaa �c ary nG�u-tlan a,ne al Inb niaNM"eEay anama soap ®vr�w2aa m w�� M tno mplryyR ttwrc. 15--y Ddfusm . REGISTERS ARCHFEC w. STATE OF WASHINGTON OLD MILLTOWN PHASE II EDMONDS,WA 2ND LEVEL FLOOR PLAN bra 7093 I;tewn lry MJB 08.O8-2007 6AIE: ADS SUBMITTAL A-2.1 U �11 J yQ} V1F O a I , 1 I , i I , 1 I , 1 I , I I , I I I 1 1 I 1 t I I I I II I �I WALL LEGEND ' 1 I NEW WALL � I I / i � EXISTING WALL i I I �g2 I I I I 1 I - I l I 1 i I I I I I � , 9 7.50r SpO^�6'00� � F,?XISTING \ DETAINING WALL � 16.00' �S89'57'36"W I I 1 N00'00'00"E 117.39, T r �ROPOSED LOT LINE 7Z r t Aa`JUSTMENT 46.57' !■�■!Jill[. II' /� '�i+ ate i� ��• �'� � � 5TH AVENUE S 14 -- PROPOSED LOT LINE \ ADJUSTMENT N00'00'00"E 72 - b-� �r r r r rsi ' •Q d °E 234'79'•°''Nb0b000'.'E 124.90d•9�•.°���•� '•.o� .'a.'•'Q, °Q•o Z �2ND LEVEL FLOOR PLAN S- 1'-0- 'grac>e o xam owvE uwoaa �c ary nG�u-tlan a,ne al Inb niaNM"eEay anama soap ®vr�w2aa m w�� M tno mplryyR ttwrc. 15--y Ddfusm . REGISTERS ARCHFEC w. STATE OF WASHINGTON OLD MILLTOWN PHASE II EDMONDS,WA 2ND LEVEL FLOOR PLAN bra 7093 I;tewn lry MJB 08.O8-2007 6AIE: ADS SUBMITTAL A-2.1 f 1 1 I 1 t 1 1 I t 1 1 I 1 1 I I I 1 1 I 1 1 f I 1 1 I I 1 1 f t 1 I t 1 I 1 f 1 1 1 1 1 \ 1 1 1 II 1------------------------..--__•----------------------------------- —� �I 1 1 1 E 1 t 1 I 1 I I I - 1 I I 1 _ I � 1 i E Nil � � I 4 i 1 i i l 1 v // r — I — I ---------_ I a # � 0 /� 0 -.----- STH AVENUE S Z 31RD LEVEL FLOOR PLAN Ow.1W � nFCH�iECi$ FLIG 1927 Post Alloy Seattle, WA SB101 206-957-MM T 2D6-682-3159 F wxw.glaoeee hlte tpllo.o ECI .r AUG 16 2007 PERMIT COUNTER a 7m GRACEiARHem P c 4495 AecH� W. STATE OF WASHINGTON OLD MILLTOWN PHASE II EDMONDS,WA 3RD LEVEL FLOOR PLAN 1"N� 7013 D—bi CR 08-0S-2007 AO9 SUMMAL HE\1SM Sheellh A-2.2 I I I 1 I I I I I I i I I I I I I I I I I I I = I I I ! 1 1 1 7 1 1 [ 1 — --------- ri I _ i I L II i i i 1 I § sLoq vz:t 'a `'" �------------------------------------------------------ a 1 I I zti p�' I I I l I 1 I VEJT PIPES HY RE E55ED ° RECE SED VE TSHAFT NT HAFT — I 6/\� j 1 I I DRAIN D OVERFLOW \ \ I BARREL �AULT, TrP. i i —�— —�— ' Z I 1 y \ Lu O 4 I I I I I 0 GAZE 0 W/ FIREPLACEI Q\ 9 i i Z v/ ROOF LEVEL PLAN / 5TH AVENUE S ' .ma,l n .,°°nne a �c>ri ne mvMmR I,aar. ARCHfTE W. STATE OF WASHINGTON OLD MILLTOWN PHASE II EDMONDS, WA ROOF LEVEL PLAN RAWW. 7013 or—nn CR cros 08-08-2007 ADB SUBMITTAL a:-v�aaN: Srorw A-2.3 3x�. a' E 4Ftr i men ;., 1 S st V L�. F � s3 . ail ^`�� •' ��� '� !i tY�i i !!J �(�.. dais' W 3 �u ss. t i^iaf; .:,.ark i .,1., �' Y....... 4al. .'a ..dw r, �4 � �, u .a•. h•wt , "s,0 F 3 o i n'i�tW-51 1 �'E�cr"9•El". it t� I �.:i � 4r c' I I' .1Ell S t P � Y F t. y b .�"cfh` "' if➢:FCF~ .tt Swilm ii5ki jpt l " 2Fa " L ! I ��rrr WO s'i�b�,�, ::::', t � III • y\ ., :sit �-.• -_ _' . _'�,i-• a: Y .. �•�r is f ... . � . � ' � "`e''Ytr � ' 'sP t . r ':..:Bu..:` r�n'1 F�E y ;r�:.'"" R 0-f $ a