Ordinance 25610006.040.030
JEH/ko
03/06/86
ORDINANCE NO. 2561
AN ORDINANCE OF THE CITY OF EDMONDS, WASHINGTON,
AMENDING SECTION 19.90.000 OF THE EDMONDS CITY CODE TO
ADOPT THE WASHINGTON STATE ENERGY CODE, CHAPTER 51-12
WAC, AS ADOPTED BY THE STATE BUILDING CODE COUNCIL
EFFECTIVE APRIL 1, 1986.
WHEREAS, RCW 19.27A.010 requires the City to adopt and
enforce the Washington State Energy Code, as revised and adopted
by the State Building Code Council, by April 1, 1986,
WHEREAS, the Building Code Council has adopted the Washington
State Energy Code as Chapter 51-12 of the Washington
Administrative Code, now, therefore,
THE CITY COUNCIL OF THE CITY OF EDMONDS, WASHINGTON, DO
ORDAIN AS FOLLOWS:
Section 1. Revised State Energy Code Adopted. Section
19.90.000 of the Edmonds City Code is hereby amended to read as
follows:
19.90.000 Washington State Energy Code Adopted. The
Washington State Energy Code, Chapter 51-12 WAC, and all
amendments thereto, is hereby adopted by this reference
as if fully set forth.
Section 2. Duties of Citv Clerk. Pursuant to RCW
35A.12.140, the City Clerk is hereby directed to authenticate and
record along with this adopting ordinance a copy of Chapter 51-12
WAC, the State Energy Code. The City Clerk is further directed to
maintain on file in the office of the City Clerk not less than one
copy of said code for use and examination by the public.
Section 3. Effective Date. This ordinance, being an
administrative action, is not subject to referendum and shall take
effect and be in full force April 1, 1986.
ATTEST/AUTHENTICATED:
"CITY CLERK, JACQUELINE G. PARRETT
APPROVED AS TO FORM:
OFFICE OF THE CITY ATT RNEY:
B ,
FILED WITH THE CI CLERK: rch 7, 1986
PASSED BY THE CITY COUNCIL April 1, 1986
PUBLISHED: April 6, 1986
EFFECTIVE DATE: April 1, 1986
ORDINANCE NO. 2561
- 2 -
Affidavit of Publication
STATE OF WASHINGTON,
ss.
COUNTY OF SNOHO1ViISH,
SUMMARY OF
ANRDI bNCEN O.CE. 25 of The undersigned, being first duly sworn on oath deposes and says
THE .'CITY - OFED- : that she is Principal y newspaper
MONOS, WASHININGTON, pal Clerk of THE HERALD a daily news a er
AMENDING SECTION'
19.90.000 -OF THE ED..: printed and published in the Cityof Everett Count of Snohomish
MONDS'CI-TY CODE TOr Y
ADOPTSTATE ENERGY THE w9sftiN
TON and State of Washington; that said newspaper is a newspaper of
' -
CODE, CHAPTER 5,1.12,
,WAC, AS ADOPTED BY
THE STATE BUILDING general circulation in said County and State; that said newspaper
CODE COUNCIL EFFEC-
TIVE°APRIL 1, 1,986 I has been approved as a legal newspaper by order of the Superior
.-On April 1, 1986, the City
Council of the City of Ed-''
monds passed Ordinance No. Court of Snohomish County and that the notice ........................................
lows
Section I. Amends Sedfan
Summary of Ordinance No. 2561
19.90 000,to adopt, the Wash•;
ington' State Energy Code,
••.....................................................................................................................I..............
: Chapter: .51'-12 ;.W AC' 13Y. 'refec�
"
ence.
Section.2. Dtretis'the. City
Clerk to maintain at least one
cop" -of.Chapter 51-:12 WA on
......................................................................................................................................
file for public us.e.and Inspec-
tion. I.. �.,
Section Establishes an ef-
..
fective date of April 1, 1986
forthe ordinance.
The full text-of-this*ordi-
..........................................................................................................................
nonce will be mailed without
a printed copy of which is hereunto attached was published in said
charge to anyone who sub -
mils a written request to the
City Clerk of theCity of . Ed-
newspaper proper and not in supplement form, in the regular and
monds for a copy 'of',the.,text.
APPROVED 'by the City
Council at their meeting of
entire edition of said paper on the following days and times, namely:
April 1, 1986
JACQUELINE G.
PAR RETT
April 6, 1986
City Clerk
Published:April 6,10".�
......................................................................................................................I ...............
and that said newspaper was regularly distributed to its subscribers
during all of said p �od. / t ^'
..................................11ai.. i .f.5..7 v..'3.n.......i............. .... ... ..........
... ... . ..... . ..
Principal Clerk
7th
Subscribed and sworn to before me this ............................
,April 86
lday of......................................................................... 19.........
Notary Public in and for the State of Washington,
residing at Everett, Snohomish County.
B - 2 - I
1__7_ sA
Washington State Register, Issue 85-18
WSR 85-18-068
M
,J
AMENDATORY SECTION (Amending Order 2101,
filed 5/30/84)
WAC 388-15-630 COPES —PAYMENT —
PROCEDURES. (1) All nonexempt income of a person
receiving COPES services shall be allocated according to
procedures in WAC 388-83-200.
(2) The department shall pay to the providers of con-
gregate care, home health services, adult day health
care, and adult family home care a sum not to exceed
the rates set forth in the most recent schedule of rates
established and published by the department.
(3) The department shall pay for care of recipients
living in the nonrelated provider's established residence
at the adult family home rate when the provider's home
is a licensed and contracted adult family home.
(4) The department shall pay for personal care serv-
ices provided by a relative, except a spouse. Payment to
a father, mother, son, or daughter shall be made only
when:
(a) The relative will not provide the care unpaid, and
(b) The relative's income, including spousal income, is
less than the medically needy income level (MNIL) ad-
justed for household size.
The department shall pay for personal care of a
recipient residing in his or her established residence at
least the federal minimum hourly wage rate((s)) to indi-
vidual -and independent providers (( )),
but shall not pay more than three dollars and ((eighty
five)) ninety—seven cents per hour. When the provider
assists the recipient full time, a standby hourly wage
shall be paid when the provider must be with the recipi-
ent but is not directly assisting the client. This standby
wage shall not exceed twenty—five cents per hour.
(((*))) (6) The department shall pay to private and
public agencies providing personal care the same hourly
unit rate reimbursement established by the department
for chore services personal care.
(((5j)) t7 Payments for COPES services plus the re-
cipient's income allocated for maintenance in the home
shall not exceed ninety percent of the average state—wide
monthly rate for nursing home care.
(((fry)) (8) Income allocated for maintenance needs in
the home cannot exceed the medically needy income
level((s) ).
WSR 85-18-068
PROPOSED RULES
BUILDING CODE COUNCIL
(Filed September 4, 19851
Notice is hereby given in accordance with the provi-
sions of RCW 34.04.025, that the state Building Code
Council intends to adopt, amend, or repeal rules con-
cerning adoption of amendments to the Washington
state energy code, chapter 51-12 WAC.
The state Building Code Council will hold public
hearings in the following locations on the adoption of
amendments to the Washington state energy code, chap-
ter 51-12 WAC: 9:00 a.m., Friday, October 18, 1985,
Main Auditorium, U.S. Department of Energy, 800
Jadwin Avenue, Federal Building, Richland, WA, and at
9:00 a.m., Friday, November 1, 1985, Seattle Room,
Vance Airport Inn, 18220 Pacific Highway South,
Seattle, WA.
The formal decision regarding adoption, amendment,
or repeal of the rules will take place on November 15,
1985.
The authority under which these rules are proposed is
chapter 144, Laws of 1985.
The specific statute these rules are intended to imple-
ment is section 2, chapter 144, Laws of 1985.
Interested persons may submit data, views, or argu-
ments to this agency in writing to be received by this
agency before November 4, 1985.
Dated: August 16, 1985
By: Lynn Carmichael
Chair
STATEMENT OF PURPOSE
Title: Chapter 51-12 WAC, amendment of the state
energy code.
Statutory Authority and Specific Statute the Rule is
Intended to Implement: Section 2, chapter 144, Laws of
1985.
Summary of the Rule and Statement of the Reasons
Supporting the Proposed Action: Will revise the state
energy code, chapter 51-12 WAC, to comply with the
guidelines established by the legislature for the level of
conservation to be achieved through the code. Section
2(3), chapter 144, Laws of 1985, provides that the
council shall publish the proposed revision as proposed
rules pursuant to chapter 34.04 RCW and provide for
the rules to become effective January 1, 1986.
Agency Personnel Responsible for Drafting, Imple-
mentation and Enforcement of the Rule: Lynn
Carmichael, Chair, State Building Code Council, Ninth
and Columbia Building, Mailstop GH-51, Olympia,
Washington 98504-4151, phone (206) 754-2168.
Name of the Organization Proposing the Rule: State
Building Code Council.
Agency Comments or Recommendations if any
Regarding Statutory Language, Implementation, En-
forcement, and Fiscal Matters Pertaining to the Rule:
Necessary to carry out the directives of chapter 144,
Laws of 1985, which charges the state Building Code
Council with the responsibility to prepare and adopt a
revised state energy code to be effective January 1, 1986.
Whether the Rule is Necessary as the Result of Fed-
eral Law or Federal or State Court Action: The rules
will assist in meeting the model conservation standards
adopted by the Northwest Power Planning Council.
Small Business Economic Impact Statement: Not ap-
plicable. The proposed rules implement conservation
standards established by legislative guidelines.
Chapter 51-12 WAC
WASHINGTON STATE ENERGY CODE
Chapter I
ADMINISTRATION AND ENFORCEMENT
Scope and General Requirements
WAC
51-12-100 Section 100. Title.
51-12-101 Section 101. Intent.
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WSR 85-18-068
Washington State Register, Issue 85-18
51-12-102
Section 102. Scope.
51-12-103
Section 103.
51-12-104
Section 104. Materials and Equipment.
51-12-105
Section 105. Alternate Materials -Method of Con-
struction, Design or Insulating Systems.
51-12-106
Section 106. Plans and Specifications.
51-12-107
Section 107. Inspections and Enforcement.
51-12-108
Section 108. Severability.
51-12-109
Section 109. Violations.
51-12-110
Section 110. Liability.
Chapter 2
DEFINITIONS
51-12-200
Section 200. General.
51-12-201
Section 201. A.
51-12-202
Section 202. B.
51-12-203
Section 203. C.
51-12-204
Section 204. D.
51-12-205
Section 205. E.
51-12-206
Section 206. F.
51-12-207
Section 207. G.
51-12-208
Section 208. H.
51-12-209
Section 209. 1.
51-12-210
Section 210. J. (Reserved).
51-12-211
Section 211. K. (Reserved).
51-12-212
Section 212. L. Low-rise Residential.
51-12-213
Section 213. M.
51-12-214
Section 214. N.
51-12-215
Section 215. O.
51-12-216
Section 216. P.
51-12-217
Section 217. Q. (Reserved).
51-12-218
Section 218. R.
51-12-219
Section 219. S.
51-12-220
Section 220. T.
51-12-221
Section 221. U.
51-12-222
Section 222. V.
51-12-223
Section 223. W X Y Z.
Chapter 3
DESIGN REQUIREMENTS
51-12-300
Section 300. General.
51-12-301
Section 301.
51-12-302
Section 302. Climatic Zones.
51-12-303
Section 303.
51-12-304
Section 304. Design Parameters.
51-12-305
Section 305. Ventilation.
51-12-306
Section 306. Methods of Compliance.
Chapter 4
BUILDING DESIGN BY COMPONENT
PERFORMANCE APPROACH
(Standard Design)
51-12-400
Section 400. General.
51-12-401
Section 401. (Reserved).
51-12-402
Section 402. Overall Thermal Performance and En-
velope Requirements.
51-12-403
Section 403. Thermal Performance Criteria and En-
velope Requirements for Low-rise Residential
Buildings.
51-12-404
Section 404. Thermal Performance Criteria for All
Other Occupancies.
51-12-405
Section 405. Air Leakage for All Buildings.
51-12-406
Section 406. Building Mechanical Systems.
51-12-407
Section 407. Calculations of Heating and Cooling
Loads.
51-12-408
Section 408. (Reserved).
51-12-409
Section 409. Simultaneous Healing and Cooling.
51-12-410
Section 410. Energy Recovery.
51-12-411
Section 411. HVAC Equipment Performance
Requirements.
51-12-412
Section 412. Energy for Air Delivery.
51-12-413
Section 413. Balancing.
51-12-414
Section 414. Cooling with Outdoor Air (Economizer
Cycle).
51-12-415
Section 415. Controls.
51-12-416
Section 416. Air Handling Duct System Insulation.
51-12-417
Section 417. Duct Construction.
51-12-418
Section 418. Piping Insulation.
51-12-419 Section 419. (Reserved).
51-12-420 Section 420. Water Heaters, Storage Tanks, Boilers,
and Piping.
51-12-421
Section 421. Pump Operation.
51-12-422
Section 422. Pipe Insulation.
51-12-423
Section 423. Conservation of Hot Water.
51-12-424
Section 424. Electrical Power and Lighting.
51-12-425
Section 425. Lighting Switching.
51-12-426
Section 426. Lighting Power Budget.
Chapter 5
BUILDING DESIGN BY SYSTEMS ANALYSIS AND
BUILDING UTILIZING NON-DEPLETABLE ENERGY
SOURCES
51-12-500
Section 500. General.
51-12-501
Section 501. Energy Analysis.
51-12-502
Section 502. Design.
51-12-503
Section 503. Analysis Procedure.
51-12-504
Section 504. Calculation Procedure.
51-12-505
Section 505. Documentation.
51-12-506
Section 506. Buildings Utilizing Non-depletable
Energy.
51-12-507
Section 507. Documentation -Buildings Using Non-
depletable Energy Sources.
Chapter 6
PRESCRIPTIVE REQUIREMENTS APPROACH
51-12-600
Section 600. General.
51-12-601
Section 601. Low-rise Residential Building Envelope
Requirements.
51-12-602
Section 602. Building Mechanical Systems -
General.
51-12-603
Section 603. Low-rise Residential Service Water
Heating.
51-12-604
Section 604. Low-rise Residential Electrical Power
and Lighting.
51-12-605
Section 605. Building Envelope Requirements for
Other than Low-rise Residential Buildings.
51-12-606
Section 606. Building Mechanical Systems Require-
ments for Other than Low-rise Residential
Buildings.
51-12-607
Section 607. Service Water Heating Requirement
for Other than Low-rise Residential Buildings.
51-12-608
Section 608. Electrical Power and Lighting Require-
ments for Other than Low-rise Residential
Buildings.
CHAPTER I
ADMINISTRATION AND ENFORCEMENT
Scope and General Requirements
NEW SECTION
WAC 51-12-100 SECTION 100. TITLE.
This Code shall be known as the "State Energy Code" and may be
cited as such; and will be referred to herein as "this Code."
NEW SECTION
WAC 51-12-101 SECTION 101. INTENT.
The purpose of this Code is to provide minimum standards for new
buildings and structures or portions thereof to achieve efficient use of
energy.
It is intended that these provisions provide flexibility to permit the
use of innovative approaches and techniques to achieve effective utili-
zation of energy. These provisions are structured to permit compliance
with the intent of this Code by any one of the three paths of design.
Compliance with any one of these paths meets the intent of this
Code. This Code is not intended to abridge any safety or health re-
quirements required under any other applicable codes or ordinances.
The provisions of this Code do not consider the efficiency of various
energy forms as they are delivered to the building envelope. A deter-
mination of delivered energy efficiencies in conjunction with this Code
will provide the most efficient use of available energy in new building
construction.
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Washington State Register, Issue 85-18
WSR 85-18-068
J
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NEW SECTION
WAC 51-12-102 SECTION 102. SCOPE.
This Code sets forth minimum requirements for the design of new
buildings and structures that provide facilities or shelter for public as-
sembly, educational, business, mercantile, institutional, storage and
residential occupancies, as well as those portions of factory and indus-
trial occupancies designed primarily for human occupancy by regulat-
ing their exterior envelopes and the selection of their HVAC, service
water heating, electrical distribution and illuminating systems and
equipment for effective use of energy.
Buildings shall be designed to comply with the requirements of ei-
ther Chapter 4, 5, or 6 of this Code.
(a) Exempt Buildings.
I. Buildings and structures or portions thereof whose
peak design rate of energy usage is less than three
and four tenths (3.4) Btu/h per square foot or one
point zero (1.0) watt per square foot of floor area for
all purposes.
2. Buildings and structures or portions thereof which
are neither heated nor cooled by a depletable energy
source, shall be exempt from the envelope require-
ments. Lighting and equipment shall be in accord-
ance with this Code.
(b) Application to Existing Buildings.
1. Additions to Existing Buildings. Additions to exist-
ing buildings or structures may be made to such
buildings or structures without making the entire
building or structure comply, provided that the new
additions shall conform to the provisions of this
Code.
2. Historic Buildings. The Building Official may modify
the specific requirements of this Code for historic
buildings and require in lieu thereof alternate re-
quirements which will result in a reasonable degree
of energy efficiency. This modification may be al-
lowed for those buildings which have been specifi-
cally designated as historically significant by the
state or local governing body, or listed in "The Na-
tional Register of Historic Places" or which have
been determined to be eligible for listing.
3. Alterations and Repairs.
Initial tenant alterations shall comply with the new
construction requirements of this Code. Other alter-
ations and repairs may be made to existing buildings
without making the entire building comply with all
of the requirements of this Code for new buildings,
provided the following requirements are met:
° Building Envelope —The result of the alterations
or repairs (1) improves the energy efficiency of the
building and (2) complies with the nominal R values
for opaque envelope insulation and the glazing U
values in Table No. 4-I, 4-2, or 4-3 as appropriate,
of Chapter 4 or Table No. 6-1, 6-2, 6-3, 6-4, or 6-
5 of Chapter 6. Where the structural elements of the
altered portions of roof/ceiling, wall or floor are not
being replaced, these elements shall be deemed to
comply with this Code if all existing framing cavities
which are exposed during construction are filled to
the full depth with ball insulation or insulation hav-
ing an equivalent nominal R value while, for roof/
ceilings, maintaining the required space for ventila-
tion. Existing roof/ceilings, walls and floors without
framing cavities need not be insulated.
-Building Mechanical Systems —Those parts of systems which are
altered or replaced shall comply with this Code. Heating equipment
efliciencies for low-rise residential occupancy buildings shall comply
with the minimum efficiency requirements of Table 6-4.
-Service Water Heating —Those parts of systems which are altered
or replaced shall comply with Section 420.
-Lighting—Those parts of systems which are altered or replaced in
buildings initially constructed subject to the requirements of this Code.
Other remodels or replacements of lighting systems which are part of a
substantial remodel shall comply with Section 425. In addition, other
remodels or replacements which affect the lighting system of an entire
floor shall comply with the lighting power budgets specified in Table
No. 4-18.
The Building Official may approve designs of alterations or repairs
which do not fully conform with all of the requirements of this Code
where in his/her opinion full conformance is physically impossible
and/or economically impractical and: (1) the alteration or repair im-
proves the energy efficiency of the building; or (2) the alteration or re-
pair is energy efficient and is necessary for the health, safety, and
welfare of the general public.
NEW SECTION
WAC 51-12-103 SECTION 103.
In addition to the requirement of this Code, buildings must conform
to the provisions included in the State Building Code (chapter 19.27
RCW). In case of conflicts under the Uniform Building, Plumbing, or
Mechanical Code; the provisions of the Uniform Codes shall govern.
NEW SECTION
WAC 51-12-104 SECTION 104. MATERIALS AND EQUIP-
MENT.
(a) Identification. All materials and equipment shall be identi-
fied in order to show compliance with this Code.
(b) Maintenance Information. Required regular maintenance
actions shall be clearly stated and incorporated on a readi-
ly accessible label. Such label may be limited to identify-
ing, by title or publication number, the operation and
maintenance manual for that particular model and type of
product. Maintenance instructions shall be furnished for
any equipment which requires preventive maintenance for
efficient operation.
NEW SECTION
WAC 51-12-105 SECTION 105. ALTERNATE MATERI-
ALS —METHOD OF CONSTRUCTION, DESIGN OR INSU-
LATING SYSTEMS.
The provisions of this Code are not intended to prevent the use of
any material, method of construction, design or insulating system not
specifically prescribed herein, provided that such construction, design
or insulating system has been approved by the Building Official as
meeting the intent of the Code.
The Building Official may require that sufficient evidence or proof
be submitted to substantiate any claims that may be made regarding
performance capabilities.
NEW SECTION
WAC 51-I2-106 SECTION 106. PLANS AND SPECIFICA-
TIONS.
(a) General. With each application for a building permit, and
when required by the Building Official, plans and specifi-
cations shall be submitted. The Building Official may re-
quire plans and specifications be prepared by an engineer
or architect licensed to practice by ttte state. All designs
submitted under the provisions of Chapter 5 shall be pre-
pared by an engineer or architect licensed to practice by
the state.
All plans and specifications, together with supporting data,
shall be submitted to the Building Official prior to issuance
of a building permit.
(b) Details. The plans and specifications shall show in sufficient
detail all pertinent data and features of the building and
the equipment and systems as herein governed including,
but not limited to: design criteria, exterior envelope com-
ponent materials, U values of the envelope systems, R val-
ues of insulating materials, size and type of apparatus and
equipment, equipment and systems controls and other per-
tinent data to indicate conformance with the requirements
of the Code.
(c) The Building Official may accept the professional stamp of
an architect or engineer licensed to do business in the state
in lieu of a plan and specification check if the engineer or
architect stipulates to the best of his knowledge, under-
standing, and belief, the design meets the requirements of
this Code.
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WSR 85-18-068
Washington State Register, Issue 85-18
NEW SECTION
WAC 51-12-107 SECTION 107, INSPECTIONS AND EN-
FORCEMENT.
(a) General. All construction or work for which a permit is re-
quired shall be subject to inspection by the Building
Official.
(b) Authority. The Building Official is authorized and directed
to enforce this Code. The Building Official is authorized to
promulgate, adopt, and issue those rules and regulations
necessary to the effective and efficient administration of
this Code.
(c) Inspections. All buildings constructed under the provisions
of this Code are subject to a final inspection for compli-
ance with this Code. The Building Official has the author-
ity to establish procedures for accepting substantial
compliance with this Code in lieu of a final inspection.
NEW SECTION
WAC 51-12-108 SECTION 108. SEVERABILITY.
If any provision of this Code or its application to any person or cir-
cumstance is held invalid, the remainder of the Code or the application
of the provision to other persons or circumstances is not affected.
NEW SECTION
WAC 51-12-109 SECTION 109. VIOLATIONS.
It shall be unlawful for any person, firm, or corporation to erect or
construct any building, or substantially remodel or rehabilitate any ex-
isting building or structure in the state, or allow the same to be done,
contrary to or in violation of any of the provisions of this Code.
EXCEPTIONS: As provided in section 3, chapter 144, Laws of 1985, a
city, town or county may adopt an alternative energy code if the con-
ditions set forth in the statute are met. If a less energy efficient alter-
nate energy code is adopted on the basis that this Code is not cost-
effective, the city, town, or county shall submit documentation of the
relative cost-effectiveness to the State Building Code Council for re-
view and comment prior to adoption.
NEW SECTION
WAC 51-12-110 SECTION 110. LIABILITY.
Nothing contained in this Code is intended to be nor shall be con-
strued to create or form the basis for any liability on the part of any
city or county or its officers, employees or agents, for any injury or
damage resulting from the failure of a building to conform to the pro-
visions of this Code.
CHAPTER 2
DEFINITIONS
NEW SECTION
WAC 51-12-200 SECTION 200. GENERAL.
For the purpose of this amendatory act, certain abbreviations, terms,
phrases, words and their derivatives shall be construed as specified in
this section. Words used in the singular include the plural and the plu-
ral the singular. Words used in the masculine gender include the femi-
nine and the feminine the masculine.
NEW SECTION
WAC 51-12-201 SECTION 201. A.
ACCESSIBLE (as applied to Equipment). Allowing close approach,
not guarded by locked doors, elevation or other effective means. (See
READILY ACCESSIBLE.)
AIR CONDITIONING. The process of treating air so as to control
simultaneously its temperature, humidity, cleanliness and distribution
to meet requirements of the conditioned space.
AIR TRANSPORT FACTOR. The ratio of the rate of useful sen-
sible heat removal from the conditioned space to the energy input to
the supply and return fan motor(s), expressed in consistent units and
under the designated operating conditions.
ANNUAL FUEL UTILIZATION EFFICIENCY (AFUE). The
amount of energy delivered to the dwelling in the form of useable heat,
as a percentage of the total energy input of the fuel consumed. AFUE
refers to a performance rating required under the provision of the Na-
tional Energy Policy and Conservation Act (NECPA), Pub. L95-619.
AFUE's taken from the "Energy Guide" published by the Gas Appli-
ance Manufacturers' Association (GAMA) meet this definition.
AFUE's apply to all central residential sized furnaces (inputs of less
than 225,000 Btu/h).
ASHRAE. American Society of Heating, Refrigeration, and Air
Conditioning Engineers, Inc.
AUTOMATIC. Self-acting, operating by its own mechanism when
actuated by some impersonal influence, as for example, a change in
current strength, pressure, temperature or mechanical configuration.
NEW SECTION
WAC 51-12-202 SECTION 202. B.
BOILER CAPACITY. The rate of heat output in Btu/h measured
at the boiler outlet at the design pressure and/or temperature and rat-
ed fuel input.
BUILDING ENVELOPE. The elements of a building which enclose
conditioned spaces through which thermal energy may be transferred
to or from the exterior.
BUILDING OFFICIAL. The officer or other designated authority
charged with the administration and enforcement of this Code, or his
duly authorized representative.
NEW SECTION
WAC 51-12-203 SECTION 203. C.
CLERESTORY. A window placed high in a wall or projecting from
a roof plane, to admit daylight into the interior of a building.
COEFFICIENT OF PERFORMANCE (COP). See Section 411
for various definitions of COP.
CONDITIONED SPACE. Any horizontal or vertical projection or
any combination of that portion of interior space which is contained
within exterior walls and which is heated or cooled directly or indi-
rectly by an energy -using system.
NEW SECTION
WAC 51-12-204 SECTION 204. D.
DEGREE DAY, HEATING. A unit, based upon temperature dif-
ference and time, used in estimating fuel consumption and specifying
nominal heating load of a building in winter. For any one day, when
the mean temperature is less than 65°F there exist as many Degree
Days as there are Fahrenheit degrees difference in temperature be-
tween the mean temperature for the day and 65°F.
NFW SFCT10N
WAC 51-12-205 SECTION 205. E.
EFFICIENCY, OVERALL SYSTEM. The ratio of the useful en-
ergy (at the point of use) to the thermal energy input for a designated
time period, expressed in percent.
ENERGY. The capacity for doing work, taking a number of forms
which may be transformed from one into another, such as thermal
(heat), mechanical (work), electrical; in customary units, measured in
kilowatt-hours (kWh) or British thermal units (Btu).
ENERGY EFFICIENCY RATIO (EER). The ratio of net cooling
capacity in Btu/h to total rate of electric input in watts under desig-
nated operating conditions. When International System of units are
used this becomes equal to COP. (See COP).
ENERGY, NEW. (See NEW ENERGY).
ENERGY, RECOVERED. (See RECOVERED ENERGY).
EXFILTRATION. The uncontrolled outward air leakage through
cracks and interstices in any building element such as around
soleplates, wall outlets, duct systems, windows and doors of a building,
caused by the pressure effects of wind and/or the effect of differences
in the indoor and outdoor air density.
EXTERIOR ENVELOPE. (See BUILDING ENVELOPE).
NEW SECTION
WAC 51-12-206 SECTION 206. F.
FENESTRATION. Any light -transmitting opening in a building
envelope, including glazing, interior and exterior shading devices, and
integral sun control devices.
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WSR 85-18-068
NEW SECTION
WAC 51-12-207 SECTION 207. G.
GENERAL LIGHTING. Lighting designed to provide an approxi-
mately uniform level of illumination in an area.
GLAZING AREA. Total area of glazing measured using the rough
opening and including the glass, the sash, and the frame.
GROSS FLOOR AREA. The sum of the areas of the floors of the
building, including basements, mezzanine and intermediate -floored
tiers and penthouses of headroom height, measured from the exterior
faces of exterior walls or from the centerline of walls separating build-
ings: PROVIDED, That:
Covered walkways, open roofed -over areas, porches and
similar spaces and features such as pipe trenches, exterior
terraces or steps, chimneys, roof overhangs, etc., shall be
excluded.
GROSS WALL AREA. The vertical projection of the exterior wall
area bounding interior space which is conditioned by an energy -using
system; includes opaque wall, window, clerestory, and door areas. The
gross area of exterior walls consists of all opaque wall areas, including
fully insulated foundation walls above and below grade, between floor
spandrels, peripheral edges of floors, window areas, including sash, and
door areas, where such surfaces are exposed to outdoor air and enclose
a heated or mechanically cooled space including interstitial areas be-
tween two such spaces.
NEW SECTION
WAC 51-12-208 SECTION 208. H.
HEAT. The form of energy that is transferred by virtue of a tem-
perature difference.
HEAT STORAGE CAPACITY. The ability of mass to absorb heat
during overheated periods and store it for release during underheated
periods, as calculated in Sec. 402 (c).
HEATED SLAB. A slab on grade containing heated pipes, ducts, or
electric heating cables that constitute a radiant slab or portion thereof
for complete or partial heating of the structure.
HEATED SPACE. Space, within a building, which is provided with
a positive heat supply to maintain air temperature of 50°F (10°C) or
higher.
HEATING SEASON PERFORMANCE FACTOR (HSPF). The
total heating output (in BTU) of a heat pump during its normal annu-
al usage period for heating divided by the total (watt hour) electric
power input during the same period. When specified in BTU output
per watt hour input, an HSPF of 6.826 is equivalent to an HSPF of
2.0 watt hour output per watt hour input.
HEAT STORAGE CAPACITY. The ability of mass to absorb heat
during overheated periods and store it for release during underheated
periods, as calculated in Section 402 (c).
HUMIDISTAT. An instrument which measures changes in humidi-
ty and controls a device(s) for maintaining a desired humidity.
HVAC. Heating, ventilating and air conditioning.
HVAC SYSTEM. A system that provides either collectively or in-
dividually the processes of comfort heating, ventilating, and/or air
conditioning within or associated with a building.
NEW SECTION
WAC 51-12-209 SECTION 209. 1.
INFILTRATION. The uncontrolled inward air leakage through
cracks and interstices in any building element and around soleplates,
wall outlets, duct systems, windows and doors of a building, caused by
the pressure effects of wind and/or the effect of differences in the in-
door and outdoor air density.
NEW SECTION
WAC 51-12-210 SECTION 210. J. (RESERVED).
NEW SECTION
WAC 51-12-211 SECTION 211. K. (RESERVED).
NEW SECTION
WAC 51-12-212 SECTION 212. L. LOW-RISE RESIDEN-
TIAL.
Single and multifamily occupancy (R-3 and R-1) in buildings three
stories or less.
NEW SECTION
WAC 51-12-213 SECTION 213. M.
MANUAL. Capable of being operated by personal intervention.
NEW SECTION
WAC 51-12-214 SECTION 214. N.
NEW ENERGY. Energy, other than recovered energy, utilized for
the purpose of heating or cooling.
NON-DEPLETABLE ENERGY SOURCES. Sources of energy
(excluding minerals) derived from: (1) incoming solar radiation, in-
cluding, but not limited to, natural daylighting and photosynthetic
processes, (2) energy sources resulting from wind, waves and tides,
lake or pond thermal differences; and (3) energy derived from the in-
ternal heat of the earth, including nocturnal thermal exchanges. Nei-
ther natural gas, oil, coal, liquefied petroleum gas, nor any utility -
supplied electricity shall be considered a non-depletable energy source.
NEW SECTION
WAC 51-12-215 SECTION 215. O.
OCCUPANCY. (See UBC definition.)
OPAQUE AREAS. All areas of a building envelope which enclose
conditioned space, except openings for windows, skylights, doors and
building service systems.
OUTSIDE AIR. Air taken from the outdoors and, therefore, not
previously circulated through the HVAC system of a building or
structure.
OVERALL SYSTEM EFFICIENCY. (See EFFICIENCY,
OVERALL SYSTEM.)
NEW SECTION
WAC 51-12-216 SECTION 216. P.
PACKAGED TERMINAL AIR -CONDITIONER. A factory -as-
sembled combination of heating and cooling components, assemblies or
sections, intended to serve a room or a zone.
PASSIVE COOLING. Cooling, humidification, and/or dehumidifi-
cation of a conditioned space using minimal mechanical assistance.
PERM. A measurement of water vapor permeability for a particular
material with a specific thickness. One perm equals the transfer of one
grain of water vapor through one square foot of material in one hour
with a one inch mercury vapor pressure difference from one side of the
material to the other.
PERMEABILITY. Water vapor permeability is a measure of the
passage of water vapor through a substance. When permeability varies
with psychrometric conditions, the "spot" or "specific permeability"
defines the property at a specific condition. Permeability is measured in
perm inches.
POSITIVE HEAT SUPPLY. Heat supplied to a space by design or
by heat losses occurring from energy -consuming systems or compo-
nents associated with that space.
POWER. In connection with machines, the time rate of doing work.
In connection with the transmission of energy of all types, the rate at
which energy is transmitted; in customary units, it is measured in
watts (w) or British thermal units her hour (Btu/h).
NEW SECTION
WAC 51-12-217 SECTION 217. Q. (RESERVED).
NEW SECTION
WAC 51-12-218 SECTION 218. R.
READILY ACCESSIBLE. Capable of being reached quickly for
operation, renewal, or inspections, without requiring those to whom
ready access is requisite to climb over or remove obstacles or to resort
to portable ladders, chairs, etc. (See ACCESSIBLE.)
RECOMMEND. Suggest as appropriate; not required.
RECOVERED ENERGY. Energy utilized which would otherwise
be wasted from an energy utilization system.
REGISTERED ENGINEER. A professional engineer licensed to
practice in the state of Washington and knowledgeable and skilled in
the use of the methods and practices associated with the specific engi-
neering discipline being practiced.
REHEAT. The application of sensible heat to supply air that has
been previously cooled below the temperature of the conditioned space
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by either mechanical refrigeration or the introduction of outdoor air to
provide cooling.
RESTAURANT. A building or portion of a building principally
used for the retail preparation and service of food or beverages.
ROOF ELEMENT. A roof element shall be considered as a com-
ponent of the roof/ceiling envelope, excluding clerestories, through
which heat flows, thereby creating a building transmission heat loss or
gain, where such assembly is exposed to outdoor air and encloses a
heated or mechanically cooled space.
ROOF ELEMENT, GROSS AREA OF. The gross area of a roof
element consists of the total interior surface of such element, including
skylights, excluding clerestories, exposed to the heated or mechanically
cooled space.
ROOM AIR CONDITIONER. An encased assembly designed as a
unit primarily for mounting in a window or through a wall, or as a
console. It is designed primarily to provide free delivery of conditioned
air to an enclosed space, room or zone. It includes a prime source of
refrigeration for cooling and dehumidification and means for circulat-
ing and cleaning air, and may include means for ventilating and
heating.
NEW SECTION
WAC 51-12-219 SECTION 219. S.
SEQUENCE. A consecutive series of operations.
SERVICE SYSTEMS. All energy -using systems in a building that
are operated to provide services for the occupants or processes housed
therein, including HVAC, service water heating, illumination, trans-
portation, cooking or food preparation, laundering or similar functions.
SERVICE WATER HEATING. Supply of hot water for domestic
or commercial purposes other than comfort heating.
SERVICE WATER HEATING DEMAND. The maximum design
rate of energy withdrawal from a service water heating system in a
designated period of time (usually an hour or a day).
SHADED. External protection of glazing area from direct solar ra-
diation by use of devices permanently affixed to the structure or by an
adjacent building, topographical feature of vegetation.
SHADING COEFFICIENT (SC). The ratio of the solar heat gain
through a glazing system to that of an unshaded single -pane of 1 /8
inch float window glass under the same set of conditions.
SC = Solar Heat Gain of Fenestration
Solar Heat Gain of 1 /8 inch float
SHALL. Where shall is used in specific provision, that provision is
mandatory.
SHOULD. Not mandatory but desirable as good practice.
SKYLIGHT. A clear or translucent panel or slope set in the plane
of a roof to admit daylight into the interior of a building.
SLAB ON GRADE (in a heated space). Any portion of a slab
poured in contact with the ground where the top of the finished slab is
less than 12 inches below the final elevation of the nearest exterior
grade.
SOLAR ENERGY SOURCE. Source of thermal, chemical or elec-
trical energy derived directly from conversion of incident solar
radiation.
SUBSTANTIALLY REMODELED OR REHABILITATED. Any
alteration or restoration of a building or structure within any 12 month
period, the cost of which exceeds 60 percent of the current replacement
value of the particular building or structure.
SYSTEM. A combination of equipment and/or controls, accesso-
ries, interconnecting means, and terminal elements by which energy is
transformed so as to perform a specific function, such as HVAC, serv-
ice water heating or illumination.
NEW SECTION
WAC 51-12-220- SECTION 220. T.
TERMINAL ELEMENT. The means by which the transformed
energy from a system is finally delivered; i.e., registers, diffusers, light-
ing fixtures, faucets, etc.
THERMAL RESISTANCE (R). The resistance of a material to
heat flow, measured as the inverse of heat flow per unit area, per unit
time, per unit temperature difference across the thickness of material
considered. In this Code, R has units of sq. ft. hr. *F/Btu.
THERMAL TRANSMITTANCE (U). Overall coefficient of heat
transmission (air to air) expressed in units of Btu per hour per square
foot per degree F. It is the time rate of heat flow. The U value applies
to combinations of different materials used in series along the heat flow
path, single materials that comprise a building section, cavity air spac-
es, and surface air films on both sides of a building element.
THERMAL TRANSMITTANCE (U.). Overall (average) heat
transmission of a gross area of the exterior building envelope, express-
ed in units of Btu per hour, per degree F per square foot of exterior
building envelope.
The Uo value applies to the combined effect of the time rate of heat
flows through the various parallel paths, such as windows, doors, and
opaque construction areas, comprising the gross area of one or more
exterior building components such as walls, floors, or roof/ceiling.
THERMOSTAT. An instrument which measures changes in tem-
perature and controls device(s) for maintaining a desired temperature.
NF.W RFCTION
WAC 51-12-221 SECTION 221. U.
U VALUE. See THERMAL TRANSMITTANCE.
UNITARY COOLING AND HEATING EQUIPMENT. One or
more factory -made assemblies which may include an evaporator or
cooling coil, a compressor and condenser combination, and may in-
clude a heating function as well. Where such equipment is provided in
more than one assembly, the separate assemblies shall be designed to
be used together.
UNITARY HEAT PUMP. One or more factory -made assemblies
which normally include an indoor conditioning coil, compressor(s) and
outdoor coil or refrigerant -to -water heat exchanger, including means
to provide both heating and cooling functions. It is designed to provide
the functions of air -circulating, air cleaning, cooling and heating with
controlled temperature, and dehumidifying, and may optionally include
the function of humidifying. When such equipment is provided in more
than one assembly, the separate assemblies shall be designed to be
used together.
NEW SECTION
WAC 51-12-222 SECTION 222. V.
VAPOR BARRIER. See Vapor Retarder.
VAPOR RETARDER. A vapor retarder is a material, or a system
of components within a building element, which restricts the transfer
of water vapor from one side of the retarder to the other side with a
rating of 1.0 perm dry cup rating or less.
NEW SECTION
WAC 51-12-223 SECTION 223. W X Y Z.
WINDOW THERMAL TESTING. U values for Class 2 or Class 3
glazing shall be the tested values for thermal transmittance due to
conduction resulting from either the American Architectural Manu-
facturers Association (AAMA) 1503.1-1980 test procedure or the
American Society for Testing Materials (ASTM) C236 or C976 test
procedures; testing shall be conducted under established winter hori-
zontal heat flow test conditions using the 15 mph wind speed and
product sample sizes specified under AAMA 1503.1-1980. Testing
shall be conducted by a certified testing laboratory. All classes of win-
dows must meet SIGMA glazing specifications.
EXCEPTION: U values for site built fixed lites shall use window
thermal test results when available. If tested results are unavailable,
the Building Official shall require documentation based on a tested
value of a comparable window.
ZONE. A space or group of spaces within a building with heating
and/or cooling requirements sufficiently similar so that comfort condi-
tions can be maintained throughout by a single controlling device.
CHAPTER 3
DESIGN REQUIREMENTS
NEW SECTION
WAC 51-12-300 SECTION 300. GENERAL.
This Chapter establishes design criteria in terms of the thermal per-
formance of the various components of a building.
NEW SECTION
WAC 51-12-301 SECTION 301.
A building designed to be both heated and cooled shall meet the
more stringent of the heating or cooling requirements provided in this
Code.
i�
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j
NEW`SECTION
WAC 51-12-302 SECTION 302. CLIMATIC ZONES.
Climatic Zones are based on heating degree days; therefore, some
local deviation may be necessary to reflect actual conditions. Some
counties have cities/towns which are both above and below 6,000
DDH. They have been placed in their respective zones on the basis of
average DDH as derived by weighting DDH by each town's 1980
population.
The following shall be used for calculations and prescriptions re-
quired under this Code.
(a) Zone I consists of the following counties: Asotin, Benton,
Chelan, Clallam, Clark, Columbia, Cowlitz, Douglas,
Franklin, Garfield, Grays Harbor, Island, Jefferson, King,
Kitsap, Klickitat, Lewis, Mason, Pacific, Pierce, San Juan,
Skagit, Skamania, Snohomish, Thurston, Walla Walla,
Wahkiakum, Whatcom, Yakima.
(b) Zone II consists of the following counties: Adams, Ferry,
Grant, Kittitas, Lincoln, Okanogan, Pend Oreille,
Spokane, Stevens, Whitman.
EXCEPTION:
The local jurisdiction may authorize an alternate zone for application
of energy code requirements in areas where heating degree days are
above 6,000 in Zone I and 6,000 heating degree days or below in Zone
NEW SECTION
11. The adoption of a specific climatic zone shall be designated as part
of the Ordinance adopted by the local governing body.
NEW SECTION
WAC 51-12-303 SECTION 303.
Departure from the criteria of this chapter is permitted if the sub-
stitute data is documented and presented to the Building Official for
his concurrence.
NEW SECTION
WAC 51-12-304 SECTION 304. DESIGN PARAMETERS.
The following design parameters shall be used for calculations re-
quired under this Code.
(a) Indoor design temperature shall be 70°F for heating and
78°F for cooling.
(b) Indoor design relative humidity for heating shall not exceed
30 percent.
(c) The heating or cooling outdoor design temperatures shall
be selected from 0.6 percent column for winter and 0.5
percent column for summer from the Puget Sound Chap-
ter of ASHRAE publication "Recommended Outdoor De-
sign Temperatures, Washington State, ASHRAE." (See
also Washington State Energy Code Manual.)
WAC 51-12-305 SECTION 305. VENTILATION.
The outdoor air quantities specified in Table 3-1 for each type of occupancy shall be used as a minimum for design. These quantities are for 100
percent outdoor air ventilating systems, but a reduction to 33 percent of the specified values for recirculating HVAC systems is permitted. In no
case, shall the outdoor air quantities be less than 5 CFM per person.
The minimum requirements for openable area to provide natural ventilation are specified in the 1985 Uniform Building Code. All kitchens and
bathrooms in Group R Occupancy spaces shall be provided with exhaust fans or other ventilation systems approved by the building official having a
capacity of not less than that specified in Table No. 3-I.
Where a mechanical ventilation system is installed, the mechanical ventilation system shall be capable of supplying to each zone ventilation air
with the minimum outdoor air quantities specified in Table No. 3-1 based upon the greater of the occupant densities in that table or the design oc-
cupant density. The outdoor air shall be ducted directly to every air handling unit in each zone not provided with sufficient openable area for natural
ventilation. The maximum outdoor air quantities used as the basis for calculating the heating and cooling design loads shall not exceed three times
the quantities specified in Table No. 3-1.
EXCEPTION: If outdoor air quantities other than those specified in Table No. 3-1 are used or required because of special occupancy or process
requirements, source control of air contamination, health, and safety or other standards, the required outdoor air quantities shall be used as the basis
for calculating the heating and cooling design loads.
TABLE NO. 3-1
AIR QUANTITIES FOR VENTILATION
(Excerpt from ASHRAE Standard 62-73)
Estimated
persons/
Required ventilation air,
1000 sq.
cubic feet per minute per
ft. floor
human occupant, (when the
area. Use
number is bracketed, refer
only when
to the notes).
design oc-
cupancy is
not known
I. RESIDENTIAL
(Private dwelling places,
single or multiple units)
Single Unit Dwellings
General Living Areas, Bedrooms
5 5
Kitchens
- 20
Baths, Toilet Rooms
- 20
Basements, Utility Rooms
- 5
Multiple Unit Dwellings
General Living Areas, Bedrooms
7 5
Kitchens
- 20
Baths, Toilet Rooms
- 20
Basements, Utility Rooms
- 5
Notes
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WSR 85-18-068
Washington State Register, Issue 85-18
Estimated
Notes
persons/
Required ventilation air,
1000 sq.
cubic feet per minute per
ft. floor
human occupant, (when the
area. Use
number is bracketed, refer
only when
to the notes).
design oc—
cupancy is
not known
Garages
_
(1.5)
2
2. COMMERCIAL
General Requirements —Merchandising
(Apply to all forms unless specially noted)
Sales Floors and Showrooms
(Basement and Street Floors)
30
7
Sales Floor and Showrooms
(Upper Floors)
20
7
Storage Areas (Serving Sales
Floors and Storerooms)
5
5
Dressing Rooms
—
7
Malls and Arcades
40
7
Shipping and Receiving Areas
10
15
Warehouses
5
7
Elevators
—
7
Food Markets, Supermarkets, etc.
Meat Processing Rooms
10
5
3
Drug Stores
Pharmacists' Work Rooms
10
20
Specialty Shops
Pet Shops
—
(1.0)
2
Florists
10
5
4
Greenhouses
1
5
4, 5
Banks (see Sales Floors
and Offices
Vaults
—
5
Food Services
Dining Rooms
70
10
Kitchens
20
30
6
Cafeterias, Short —Order,
Drive —Ins, Seating Areas,
and Queuing Areas
100
30
Bars (Predominantly Stand—up)
150
30
Cocktail Lounges
100
30
Hotels, Motels, Resorts
Bedrooms (Single, Double)
5
7
Living Rooms (Suites)
20
10
Baths, Toilets (Attached to
Bedrooms)
—
20
7
Corridors
5
5
Lobbies
30
7
Conference Rooms (Small)
70
20
Assembly Rooms (Large)
140
15
Public Rest Rooms
100
15
Cottages (Treat as Single —
Unit Dwellings)
—
—
(See also Food Services, Industrial,
Merchandising, Barber and Beauty Shops,
Garages for Associated Hotel/ Motel Services)
Dry Cleaners and Laundries
Commercial
10
20
8,9
Storage/Pickup Areas
30
7
Coin —operated
20
15
9
Barber, Beauty and Health Services
Beauty Shops (Hair dressers)
50
25
Reducing Salons (Exercise Rooms)
20
25
Sauna Baths and Steam Rooms
—
5
Barber Shops
25
7
Photo Studios
Camera Rooms, Stages
10
5
tU
Darkrooms
10
10
r
[ 106 1
Washington State Register, Issue 85-18
WSR 85-18-068
Estimated
persons/
Required ventilation air,
1000 sq.
cubic feet per minute per
ft. floor
human occupant, (when the
area. Use
number is bracketed, refer
only when
to the notes).
design oc—
cupancy is
not known
Shoe Repair Shops
(Combined Workrooms/
Trade Areas)
10
10
Garages, Auto Repair Shops,
Service Stations
Parking Garages (Enclosed)
—
Auto Repair Workrooms (General)
—
(1,5)
Service Station Offices
20
7
Theatres
Ticket Booths
—
5
Lobbies, (Foyers and Lounges)
150
20
Auditoriums (in Motion Picture
Theatres, Legitimate
Theatres, Lecture, Concert
and Opera Halls —no smoking)
150
5
Auditoriums (Smoking Permitted)
150
10
Stages (with Proscenium and
Curtains)
70
10
Green Rooms and Workrooms
20
10
Public Rest Rooms
100
15
Ballrooms
Public
100
15
Bowling Alleys (Seating Area)
70
I5
Gymnasiums and Arenas
Playing Floors —minimal or
No Seating
70
20
Locker Rooms
20
(30)
Spectator Areas
150
20
Ramps, Foyers, and Lobbies
150
10
Pool Rooms
25
20
Amusement Parlors
25
20
Tennis, Squash, Handball
Courts (Indoor)
—
20
Swimming Pools (Indoor)
25
15
Ice—skating and Curling
Rinks
70
10
Roller Rinks
70
10
Transportation
Waiting Rooms
50
15
Garages
—
(1.5)
Ticket and Baggage Areas,
Corridors and Gate Areas
50
15
Control Towers
50
25
Hangers
2
10
Public Rest Rooms
100
15
Platform
I50
10
Concourses
I50
10
Repair Shops
—
10
Offices
General Office Space
10
15
Conference Rooms
60
25
Drafting Rooms, Art Rooms
20
7
Doctor's Consultation Rooms
—
10
Waiting Rooms (Doctors,
Employment Agencies, etc.)
30
IO
Lithographing Rooms
20
7
Diazo Printing Rooms
20
7
Computer Rooms
20
5
Keypunching Rooms
30
7
Public Rest Rooms
100
15
Notes
2
2, 11
10, 12
W
2
15
9
9
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WSR 85-18-068
Communication
TV/Radio Broadcasting Booths,
Radio Studios
Motion Picture and TV Stages
Pressrooms
Composing Rooms
Engraving Shops
Telephone Switchboard Rooms
(Manual)
Telephone Switchgear Rooms
(Automatic)
Teletypewriter/Facsimile Rooms
Schools
Classrooms
Multiple Use Rooms
Laboratories
Craft Shops, Vocational
Training Shops
Music, Rehearsal Rooms
Auditoriums
Gymnasiums
Libraries
Common Rooms, Lounges
Offices
Lavatories
Locker Rooms
Lunchrooms, Dining Halls
Corridors
Utility Rooms
Dormitory Bedrooms
Hospitals, Nursing, and Convalescent Homes
Foyers
Hallways
Single, Dual Bedrooms
Wards
Food Service Centers
Operating Rooms, Delivery
Rooms
Ready Rooms, Recovery Rooms
Amphitheatres
Physical Therapy Areas
Autopsy Rooms
Incinerator Service Areas
For Shops, Restaurants, Utility Rooms,
Kitchens, Bathrooms and Other
Service Items (See Hotels)
Research Institutes
Laboratories (Light —duty,
Nonchemical)
Laboratories (Chemical)
Laboratories (Heavy—duty)
Laboratories (Radioisotope,
Chemically and Biologically
Toxic)
Machine Shops
Darkrooms, Spectroscopy Rooms
Animal Rooms
Military and Naval Installations
Barracks
Toilets/ Washrooms
Shower Rooms
Drill Halls
Washington State Register, Issue 85-18
Estimated
persons/
1000 sq.
ft. floor
area. Use
only when
design oc—
cupancy is
not known
20
20
100
30
30
50
3. INSTITUTIONAL
50
70
30
30
70
150
70
20
70
10
100
20
100
50
3
20
50
50
15
20
20
100
20
10
50
50
50
50
50
50
20
20
100
100
70
Required ventilation air,
cubic feet per minute per
human occupant, (when the
number is bracketed, refer
to the notes).
30
30
15
7
7
7
7
5
10
10
10
10
10
5
20
7
10
7
15
(30)
10
15
5
7
20
20
10
10
35
20
15
10
15
30
5
15
Is
15
15
15
10
40
7
15
10
15
Notes
to
16
16
N
17
17
Is
16
16
16
16
17
r
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Washington State Register, Issue 85-18
WSR 85-18-068
J
j
Estimated
Notes
persons/
Required ventilation air,
1000 sq.
cubic feet per minute per
ft. floor
human occupant, (when the
area. Use
number is bracketed, refer
only when
to the notes).
design oc—
cupancy is
not known
Ready Rooms, MP Stations
40
7
Indoor Target Ranges
70
20 19
Museums
Exhibit Halls
70
7
Workrooms
10
10
Warehouses
5
5
Prisons (See also Gymnasiums,
Libraries, Applicable
Industrial Areas)
Cell Blocks
20
7
Eating Halls
70
15
Guard Stations
40
7
Veterinary Hospitals
Kennels, Stalls
20
25 17
Operating Rooms
20
25 17
Reception Rooms
30
10
4. ORGANIZATIONAL
Churches, Temples
(See Theaters, Schools
and Offices) — —
Legislative Halls
Legislative Chambers 70 20
Committee Rooms and Conference
Rooms 70 20
Foyers, Corridors 50 20
Offices 10 10
Press Lounges 20 20
Press/Radio/TV Booths 20 20
Public Rest Rooms 20 15
Private Rest Rooms — 20
( For Food Service, Utilities,
etc., see Hotels)
Police and Fire Stations
(See Prisons and Military
Installations) — —
Survival Shelters _ 5 17
1 Installed capacity for intermittent use.
2 cfm per sq. ft. of floor area.
3 Spaces maintained at low temperatures (-10 to 50° F) are not covered by these requirements unless the occupancy is continuous. Ventilation
from adjoining spaces is permissible. When the occupancy is intermittent, infiltration will normally exceed the ventilation requirement. (See
Chapter 23, Refrigeration Load, ASHRAE Handbook of Fundamentals, 1972.)
4 Maximum allowable concentration (MAC) for sulfur dioxide = 30 microgram/cubic meter.
5 Ventilation to optimize plant growth, temperature, humidity, etc. will almost always be greater than shown.
6 Exhaust to outside; source control as required.
7 Installed capacity for intermittent use.
8 Exhaust to outside; source control as required.
9 Installed equipment must incorporate positive exhaust and control (as required) of undesirable contaminants (toxic or otherwise).
10 Thermal effects probably determine requirements.
t t Stands where engines are run must incorporate systems for positive engine exhaust withdrawal.
12 Special ventilation will be needed to eliminate stage effect contaminants.
13 cfm/locker.
14 The same for air —supported structures.
1s Special solvent and exhaust problems handled separately.
16 Special contaminant control systems may be required.
11091
WSR 85-18-068
Washington State Register, Issue 85-18
17 Special requirements or codes may determine requirements.
18 Special exhaust systems required.
19 Floor area behind firing line only.
NOTE: In the case of an occupancy type not specifically mentioned above, the ventilation air requirements shall be determined by the Building
Official. Such determination shall be based on the most comparable occupancy type specified.
Where a conflict in ventilation requirements between this Code and the Uniform Building Code of 1985 occur, the former shall govern.
NEW SECTION 6. The building shall contain a heat capacity equivalent
WAC 51-12-306 SECTION 306. METHODS OF COMPLI- to at least 20 Btu/degree F-ft2 for each square foot
ANCE. of south glazing when the south glazing area is be-
tween 10% and 14% of the buildin s gross floor area,
Buildings or structures which are subject to this Code may satisfy and at least 45 Btu/degree F-ft� for each square
their requirements either by application of a component performance foot of south glazing when the south area glazing
approach (Chapter 4), a system analysis approach (Chapter 5), and in exceeds 14 percent of gross floor area. This heat
the case of buildings less than 10,000 square feet of gross floor area, a storage capacity shall be located inside the insulated
prescriptive requirements approach (Chapter 6). shell of the structure and not covered with insulation
materials, such as carpet, which yield an R value of
CHAPTER 4 1.0 or greater. If the storage medium is not within
BUILDING DESIGN BY COMPONENT the space containing the south glazing, an approved
natural or mechanical means of transferring the heat
PERFORMANCE APPROACH to the heat storage medium shall be provided. Heat
storage capacity shall be calculated using the below
(Standard Design) equation and/or accepted analytical methods:
HS = DxSHxV
NEW SECTION
WAC 51-12-400 SECTION 400. GENERAL.
The criteria of this Chapter establish the minimum requirements for
thermal design of the exterior envelope of buildings (see Table 4-1)
and for HVAC systems and its parts.
NEW SECTION
WAC 51-12-401 SECTION 401. (RESERVED).
NEW SECTION
WAC 51-12-402 SECTION 402. OVERALL THERMAL PER-
FORMANCE AND BUILDING ENVELOPE REQUIREMENTS.
(a) The stated Ua value of any one element of a building,
such as roof/ceiling, wall or floor, may be increased and
the U. value for other components decreased provided
that the overall heat gain or loss for the entire building
envelope does not exceed the total resulting from the con-
formance to the stated Uo values.
(b) Where return air ceiling plenums are employed, the roof/
ceiling assembly area shall:
1. For thermal transmittance purposes, not include the
ceiling proper nor the plenum space as part of the
assembly; and
2. For gross area purposes, be based upon the interior
face of the upper plenum surface.
(c) U. values listed in Tables 4-2, 4-3, and 4-4 refer to com-
ponent assembly only. Credit for buffering from adjacent
unheated spaces is not allowed when calculating Uo
values.
(d) Exemption for Passive Solar features.
Glazing areas which meet all of the following criteria may
be exempted from the U,, calculations. Exempted glazing
shall not be included in the gross wall area.
1. For buildings that have Electric Resistance heating
systems, the glazing area must have a tested thermal
transmittance (U) value of less than .61. For Other
heating systems, the glazing area need not be tested,
but must be double glazed.
2. The south glazing shall be oriented within 45 degrees
of true south.
3. The glazing shall be mounted at least 60 degrees up
from the horizontal.
4. The glazing shall have a transmission coefficient
greater than or equal to 0.80 for visible light or
greater than or equal to 0.73 for total solar
radiation.
5. Documentation shall be provided in the form of a
sun chart, a photograph, or approved evidence, dem-
onstrating that the glazing area shall not be shaded
for at least 4 hours between 8 a.m. and 4 p.m.
standard time on January 21 and March 21.
Where:
HS = Heat Storage. The heat storage capacity avail-
able inside the insulated space.
V = Volume of heat storage components.
D = Density of material inside the insulated shell of
the building to a depth yielding a thermal resis-
tance of R 1, except in the case of slab floors
where only the slab itself is credited. Mass located
in conditioned or unconditioned basements with-
out solar glazing shall not be counted (lbs/cu ft).
SH = Specific heat of the material (Btu/Ib/°F).
(e) Insulation
1. General: Thermal and acoustical insulation located
on or within floor/ceiling and roof/ceiling assem-
blies, crawl spaces, walls, partitions, and insulation
on pipes and tubing shall comply with this section.
Duct insulation shall conform to Section 416 and
Table 4-16.
EXCEPTIONS: I. Roof insulation shall comply
with Section 3204 of the
Uniform Building Code.
2. Roof insulation in vaulted ceil-
ings over 3 in 12 shall conform
with Section 3204 of the Uni-
form Building Code.
3. Exposed deck ceiling insulation
shall conform with Section 3204
of the Uniform Building Code.
2. Insulation Materials: All insulation materials includ-
ing facings such as vapor barriers or breather papers
installed within floor/ceiling assemblies, roof/ceiling
assemblies, walls, crawl spaces, or attics shall have a
flame -spread rating not to exceed 25 and a smoke
density not to exceed 450 when tested in accordance
with UBC Standard No. 42-1.
EXCEPTIONS: 1. Foam plastic insulation shall
comply with Section 1717 of
the Uniform Building Code.
2. When such materials are in-
stalled in concealed spaces of
Types Ill, IV and V construc-
tion, the flame -spread and
smoke -developed limitations do
not apply to facing, provided
that the facing is installed in
substantial contact with the un-
exposed surface of the ceiling,
floor or wall finish.
3. Cellulose insulation shall con-
form to Section 1713 of the
Uniform Building Code.
[ 110 ]
Washington State Register, Issue 85-18
WSR 85-18-068
l
J
3. Ventilation: Enclosed joist or rafter spaces formed
where ceilings are applied directly to the underside
of roof joists or rafters must have joists or rafters of
sufficient size to provide a minimum of one inch
clear vented air space above the insulation (see also
Section 3205 (c) of UBC). Ceiling insulation may be
tapered or compressed at the perimeter to permit
proper venting.
(f) Moisture Control.
1. Vapor retarders shall be installed on the warm side
(in winter) of insulation as specified in the following
cases:
A. Walls separating conditioned space from uncon-
ditioned space shall have a vapor retarder in-
stalled when thermal insulation is installed. The
vapor retarder shall have a one perm dry cup
rating or less.
B. Roof Ceilings.
(1) Roof ceiling assemblies where the ventila-
tion space above the insulation is less than
an average of twelve (12) inches shall be
provided with a vapor retarder having a
dry cup perm rating of 1.0 or less.
(2) Vapor retarders shall not be required in
roof ceiling assemblies where the ventila-
tion space above the insulation averages
twelve (12) inches or greater.
(3) Vapor retarders shall not be required
where all of the insulation is installed be-
tween the roof membrane and the struc-
tural roof deck.
(4) Vapor retarders with a 1.0 or less dry cup
perm rating polyethylene or an approved
equal shall be installed in roof ceiling as-
semblies where the insulation is comprised
of insulation between the roofing mem-
brane and the structural roof decking and
insulation below the structural roof
decking.
C. Ground Cover.
A ground cover of 4 mil (0.004 inch thick)
polyethylene or approved equal shall be laid
over the ground within crawl spaces. The
ground cover shall be overlapped twelve (12)
inches minimum at joints and shall extend over
top of footing.
EXCEPTION: The ground cover may be
omitted in unheated crawl
spaces if the crawl space has
a concrete slab floor with a
minimum thickness of 3-1/2
inches.
NEW SECTION
WAC 51-12-403 SECTION 403. THERMAL PERFORM-
ANCE CRITERIA AND ENVELOPE REQUIREMENTS FOR
LOW-RISE RESIDENTIAL BUILDINGS.
Criteria for Residential Buildings three (3) stories or less as defined
in UBC: Group R-3—detached one and two family dwellings; Group
R-Div. I —All other residential buildings three stories or less.
(a) The overall average thermal transmittance value of the
gross area of the elements of the exterior building envelope
of a low-rise residential building shall not exceed the val-
ues given in Table 4-2. Equations I and 2 in Section 404
shall be used to determine acceptable combinations of
building components and thermal properties to meet this
requirement. Steady state U,v values for opaque wall sec-
tions may be corrected by multiplying by the appropriate
M factor before the calculation of the U. in Equation 2.
Uo and UN, are specified in units of
EXCEPTION: Insulation may be omitted from floor ar-
eas over heated basements, heated garages, or under floor
areas used as HVAC plenums or in Zone 11 where opera-
ble foundation vents are used and when foundation walls
are insulated. When foundation walls are insulated, the in-
sulation shall be attached in a permanent manner.
(c) Slab on Grade Floor: For slab on grade floors, the thermal
resistance of the insulation around the perimeter of the
floor shall not be less than the value given in Table 4-2.
The insulation shall extend downward from the top of the
slab for a minimum distance of 24 inches or downward to
the bottom of the slab then horizontally beneath the slab
for a minimum total distance of 24 inches. Insulation in-
stalled outside the foundation shall extend downward a
minimum of 6 inches below grade but not less than to the
frostline and need not extend deeper than to the top of the
footing.
(d) Windows and doors and air leakage: (see Section 405).
(e) Space Heat Type: The following two categories comprise
all space heating types:
1. Electric Resistance. Space heating systems which in-
clude baseboard units, radiant units, and forced air
units as either the primary or secondary heating sys-
tem.
EXCEPTIONS: Electric resistance elements which
are integral to heal pump heating systems or when
the total electric heat capacity in each individual
dwelling unit does not exceed the greater of: 1)
1,000 watts per dwelling unit, or; 2) 1.0 watts per
square foot of the gross floor area.
2. Other. All gas, wood, oil, propane, and heat pump
space heating systems, unless electric resistance is
used as a secondary heating system. (See EXCEP-
TIONS, Electric Resistance, Section 403 (e) I.
above.)
(f) Walls: Exterior wall sections, walls in finished basements,
and interior walls exposed to unheated spaces shall be
constructed to comply with the required values as specified
in Table 4-2.
EXCEPTION: Concrete or masonry foundation walls of
unfinished basements that have one -foot or less of the wall
above grade need not be included in the gross wall area
nor meet the requirements of Table 4-2 until finished,
provided that:
1. Any frame walls meet the requirements of Table 4-
2;
2. The rim -joist are properly insulated; and
3. All walls that are more than an average of one -foot
above grade meet the requirements of Table 4-2.
(g) Glazing: Where available, U values from Window Thermal
Testing results shall be used to calculate total Wall U,,. If
untested, the following default U values shall be used for
all types of glazing, including skylights, ornamental, and
security glazing.
1. For untested double -glazing of any type, U = .90;
and
2. For untested single glazing of any type, U = 1.20.
EXCEPTION: U values for site built fixed lites shall use
window thermal test results when available. If tested re-
sults are unavailable, the Building Official shall require
documentation based on a tested value of a comparable
window.
(h) General Insulation Requirements for Loose Fill Insulation:
Blown or poured loose fill insulation may be used in attic
spaces where the slope of the ceiling is not more than 3
feet in 12 feet and there is at least 30 inches of clear dis-
tance from the top of the bottom chord of the truss or
ceiling joist to the underside of the roof sheathing at the
roof ridge. When eave vents are installed, baffling of the
vent openings shall be provided so as to deflect the incom-
ing air above the surface of the insulation.
Btu
hr. sq. ft`°F NEW SECTION
(b) Floors over unheated spaces, such as unheated basements,
unheated garages, or ventilated crawl spaces, shall be con-
structed to comply with the required values as specified in
Table 4-2.
WAC 51-12-404 SECTION 404. THERMAL PERFORM-
ANCE CRITERIA FOR ALL OTHER OCCUPANCIES.
(a) Criteria.
W SR 85-18-068
Washington State Register, Issue 85-18
The overall average thermal transmittance value (U.
) of the gross area of elements of the exterior build-
ing envelope of all buildings other than low—rise res-
idential buildings shall not exceed the values given in
Tables 4-3 and 4-4. Equations I and 2 shall be used
to determine acceptable combinations of building
components and thermal properties to meet this re-
quirement for heating. U values for windows used to
calculate total wall Uo shall be determined in ac-
cordance with accepted engineering practice. Uo
and U. are specified in units of
Btu
hr. sq. ft. °F
2. Floors over unheated spaces shall not exceed the Uo
value given in Table 4-3 and 4-4.
3. Slab on Grade Floors: For slab on grade floors the
thermal resistance of the insulation around the pe-
rimeter of the floor shall not be less than the value
given in Table 4-3 and 4-4.
Insulation installed inside the foundation shall ex-
tend downward from the top of the slab for a mini-
mum distance of 24 inches, or downward to the
bottom of the slab; then horizontally beneath the
slab for a minimum total distance of 24 inches. In-
sulation installed outside the foundation shall extend
downward 12 inches below grade or frostline or to
the top of the footing.
4. Alternative Wall Allowance for Low Rise Non —
Residential Occupancies.
A. For non—residential occupancy buildings, three
stories or less, the maximum allowed value for
average thermal transmittance (Ua) of the exte-
rior walls may be increased to the values given
in Table 4-4 provided that at least one of the
following criteria is also met:
i. Mechanical supply of outside air and me-
chanical exhaust of building air shall be au-
tomatically shut off and the duct closed for
at least eight hours per day during hours of
non -occupancy, or
ii. The primary source of heating for the build-
ing shall be one or more heat pumps meeting
the provisions of Section 41 1(b) or gas or oil
combustion heating equipment with a mini-
mum combustion efficiency of 85 percent for
central heating plants and 80 percent for
room and space heaters. This efficiency shall
be determined in accordance with the provi-
sions of Section 41 1(e).
Provided further: that if both criteria are
met, the maximum allowed value for average
thermal transmittance (U.) of the exterior
walls used in Table 4-4 may be increased by
0.05 in determining compliance with the
provisions of the code.
B. For walls with a wall weight of at least 30 lbs.
per sq. ft. (provided that walls constructed of
hollow masonry units have cores filled with ei-
ther grout, concrete, or with an insulating mate-
rial with thermal resistance per inch (R) of at
least 2.25 sq. ft./hr.—OF/Btu) the calculated
thermal resistance of the wall sections measured
face to face on wall units which are exposed to
inside air temperatures, not including the ther-
mal resistance of air films or additional exterior
wall elements, may be increased by 25 percent
in determining compliance with the provisions of
the code provided that:
Heating and cooling set —point temperatures in
the conditioned spaces or zones of the building
shall be separated by at least 5°F. The temper-
ature control shall be designed to prevent new
energy from being used to heat the space above
the heating set —point temperature or cool the
space below the cooling set —point temperature.
U =
ro + Ri + R2... r;
Where:
U = the thermal transmittance of the assembly
ro = outside air film resistance,
ro = .17 for all exterior surfaces in winter
ro = .25 for all exterior surfaces in summer
r; = inside air film resistance,
r; _ .61 for interior horizontal surfaces, heat flow up
r; _ .92 for interior horizontal surfaces, heat flow
down
r; _ .68 for interior vertical surfaces
R = I = X = measure of the resistance to the passage of
� K heat for each element
C = conductance, the heat flow through a specific material
of specific thickness
K = insulation value of a material
X = the thickness of the material
EQUATION 2
U,, = UwAw + UgAg + UdAd.......
A
Where:
Uo = the average or combined transmittance of the gross
exterior wall, floor or roof/ceiling assembly area (ex-
cept slabs on grade).,'I
A = the gross exterior wall, floor or roof/ceiling assembly
a rea.
Uw = the thermal transmittance of the components of the
opaque wall, floor or roof/ceiling assembly area.
Aw = opaque wall, floor or roof/ceiling assembly area.
Ug = the thermal transmittance of the glazing (window or
skylight) area.
Ag = glazing area.
Ud = the thermal transmittance of the door, or similar
opening.
Ad = door area.
NOTE: Where more than one type of wall, window,
roof/ceiling, door and skylight is used, the U and A
terms for those items shall be expended into sub—cle-
ments as:
Uw,Awi + Uw2Aw2 + Uw3Aw3 + ...etc.
mpw CGrT1(NJ
WAC 51-12-405 SECTION 405. AIR LEAKAGE FOR ALL
BUILDINGS.
The requirements of this section shall apply to all buildings and
structures and only to those locations separating outdoor ambient con-
ditions from interior spaces that arc heated or mechanically cooled.
The requirements of this section are not applicable to the separation of
interior conditioned spaces from each other.
(a) Exterior joints around windows and door frames, openings
between walls and foundation, between walls and roof and
between wall panels; openings at penetrations of utility
services through walls, floors and roofs; and all other such
openings in the building envelope shall be sealed, caulked,
gasketed, or weatherstripped to limit air leakage.
(b) All exterior doors shall be weatherstripped to limit air
leakage around their perimeter when in a closed position.
EQUATION I
Washington State Register, Issue 85-18
WSR 85-18-068
.I
Doors meeting the infiltration requirements of Table 4-8
shall he deemed to comply.
(c) All exterior windows shall be designed to omit air leakage
into or from the building envelope, and shall have air infil-
tration rates no greater than those shown in Table 4-8.
Compliance with the criteria for air leakage of all types of
doors shall be determined by Standard ASTM E 283-73,
Standard Method of Test for Rate of Air Leakage through
exterior windows, curtain walls and doors.
EXCEPTION: Site built and millwork shop made wooden
sash are exempt from testing but shall be made tightly fit-
ting. Fixed lights shall have glass retained by stops with
sealant or caulking all around. Operating sash shall have
weatherstripping working against overlapping trim, and a
closer/latch which will hold the sash closed. The window
frame to framing crack shall be made tight with caulking,
overlapping membrane, or other approved technique.
(d) Required fire doors with a fire resistant rating over one (1)
hour, and fire windows are exempt from this section.
NFW SFCTION
WAC 51-12-406 SECTION 406. BUILDING MECHANICAL
SYSTEMS.
The following sections cover the determination of heating and cool-
ing loads, design requirements, and equipment and component per-
formance and control requirements. Requirements are established for
insulating HVAC systems and for duct construction.
EXCEPTIONS: Special applications, including but not limited
to hospitals, laboratories, thermally sensitive equipment and
computer rooms may be exempted from the requirements of this
section when approved by the Building Official.
NEW SECTION
WAC 51-12407 SECTION 407. CALCULATIONS OF
HEATING AND COOLING LOADS.
(a) Heating and cooling design loads for the purpose of sizing
HVAC systems are required and shall be calculated in accordance
with accepted engineering practice, including infiltration and
ventilation.
(b) The design parameters specified in Section 3 shall apply for all
computations.
(c) Space Heating and Space Cooling System Sizing Limits. Build-
ing mechanical systems for all buildings which provide space heating
and/or space cooling shall be sized no greater than 150 percent of the
design load as calculated above.
EXCEPTIONS: The following limited exemptions from the sizing
limit shall be allowed, however, in all cases heating and/or cooling de-
sign load calculations shall be submitted.
1. For equipment which provides both heating and cooling in one
package unit, including heat pumps with electric heating and cooling
and gas -pack units with gas heating and electric cooling, compliance
need only be demonstrated for either the space heating or space cool-
ing system size.
2. Natural gas- or oil -fired space heating equipment whose total
rated space heating output in any one dwelling unit is 56,000 Btu/h or
less may exceed the 150 percent sizing limit provided that the installed
equipment has an annual fuel utilization efficiency (AFUE) of not less
than the sum of 74 percent plus I percent for every 5,000 Btu/h that
the space heating equipment output exceeds the design heating load of
the dwelling unit.
3. Stand-by equipment may be installed if controls and other de-
vices are provided which allow reduction equipment to operate only
when the primary equipment is not operating.
NEW SECTION
WAC 51-12-408 SECTION 408. (RESERVED).
NFW SFCTION
WAC 51-12-409 SECTION 409. SIMULTANEOUS HEAT-
ING AND COOLING.
Each temperature control zone shall include thermostatic controls in-
stalled and operated to sequence the use of heating and cooling energy
to satisfy the thermal and/or humidity requirement of the zone. Con-
trols shall prevent reheating (heating air that is cooler than system
mixed air), retooling (cooling air that is warmer than system mixed
air), mixing or simultaneous supply of warm air (warmer than system
return air mixed air) and cold air (cooler than system mixed air), or
other simultaneous operation of heating and cooling systems to one
zone. For the purposes of this section, system mixed air is defined as
system return air mixed with the minimum ventilation air requirement
by Section 305.
EXCEPTIONS: I. Variable air volume systems de-
signed to reduce the air supply to each zone during
periods of occupancy to the larger of the following:
- 30 percent or less of the peak supply volume.
- The minimum allowed to meet ventilation re-
quirements of Section 305 (Table No. 3-1)
- 0.5 efm/ft2 of zone conditioned area before
reheating, retooling or mixing takes place. Con-
sideration shall be given to supply air tempera-
ture reset control.
2. The energy for reheating, or providing warm air in
mixing systems, is provided entirely from recovered
energy that would otherwise be wasted, or from
nondepletable energy sources. In addition, the sys-
tem shall comply with Section 414 without
exception.
3. Areas where specific humidity levels are required to
satisfy process needs.
4. Special pressurization relationships or cross -con-
tamination requirements are such that variable air
volume systems are impractical (such as some areas
of hospitals and laboratories). In these cases, supply
air temperatures shall be reset by representative
building load or by outside air temperature.
NFW SFCTION
WAC 51-12-410 SECTION 410, ENERGY RECOVERY.
Consideration shall be given to the use of recovery systems which
will conserve energy (provided the amount expended is less than the
amount recovered) when the energy transfer potential and the operat-
ing hours are considered. (See Chapter 5.)
NEW SECTION
WAC 51-12-411 SECTION 411. HVAC EQUIPMENT PER-
FORMANCE REQUIREMENTS.
(a) The requirement of this section applies to equipment and
component performance for heating, ventilating and air-
conditioning systems. Where equipment efficiency levels
are specified, approved data furnished by the equipment
supplier or certified under a nationally recognized certifi-
cation program or rating procedure shall be used to satisfy
these requirements. Equipment efficiencies shall be based
on the standard rating conditions shown in Tables 4-9, 4-
10 and 4-11.
(b) HVAC-System Heating Equipment Heat Pumps —Heat-
ing Mode: Heat pumps whose energy input is entirely
electric shall have a Coefficient of Performance (COP
heating, as defined herein) not less than the values shown
in Table 4-12.
1. These requirements apply to, but are not limited to,
unitary heat pumps (air source and water source) in
the heating mode and to heat pumps in the packaged
terminal air -conditioner and room air -conditioner
forms in the heating mode. Field assembled unitary
heat pumps, consisting of one or more components,
shall comply with this section.
2. Coefficient of Performance (COP) Heating: The ra-
tio of the rate of net heat output to the rate of total
energy input, expressed in consistent units and under
designated rating conditions.
The rate of net heat output shall be defined as the
change in the total heat content of the air entering
and leaving the equipment (not including supple-
mentary heat).
Total energy input shall be determined by combining
the energy inputs to all elements, except supplemen-
tary heaters, of the heat pump, including, but not
limited to, compressor(s), pump(s), supply -air
WSR 85-18-068
Washington State Register, Issue 85-18
fan(s), return -air fan(s), outdoor -air fan(s), cool-
ing -tower fan(s), and the HVAC-system equipment
control circuit.
3. Supplementary Heater: The heat pump shall be in-
stalled with a control to prevent supplementary
heater operation when the heating load can be met
by the heat pump alone. Supplementary heater op-
eration is permitted during transient periods, such as
start-ups, following room thermostat set -point ad-
vance, and during defrost, when the outdoor air
temperature is below 55°F.
A two -stage thermostat, which controls the supple-
mentary heat on its second stage, with outdoor air
control, shall be accepted as meeting this require-
ment. The cut -on temperature for the compression
heating shall be higher than the cut -on temperature
for the supplementary heat, and the cut-off temper-
ature for the compression heating shall be higher
than the cut-off temperature for the supplementary
heat. Supplementary heat may be derived from any
source of electric resistance heating or combustion
heating.
(c) HVAC-System-Combustion Heating Equipment: All com-
mercial gas and oil fired central heating plants shall show
a minimum combustion efficiency of not less than those
shown in Table 4-5.
All residential gas, oil, and propane central heating systems must have
a minimum AFUE of .74. All other residential heating equipment fu-
eled by gas, oil, or propane must be equipped with an intermittent ig-
nition device.
(d) Mechanical Ventilation. Each mechanical ventilation sys-
tem (supply and/or exhaust) shall be equipped with a
readily accessible or automatic means for either shut-off
or volume reduction and shut-off when ventilation is not
required.
(e) Packaged and unitary HVAC-system equipment, electri-
cally operated cooling mode. HVAC-system equipment as
listed below whose energy input in the cooling mode is en-
tirely electric, shall show a Coefficient of Performance
(COP) cooling as defined herein not less than values shown
in Table 4-13.
I. These requirements apply to, but are not limited to
unitary cooling equipment (air-cooled, water-cooled
and evaporatively-cooled); the cooling mode of uni-
tary and packaged heat pumps (air source and water
source); packaged terminal air -conditioners; and
room air -conditioners.
EXCEPTION: These requirements do not apply to
equipment used for refrigerated food or florists' and
nurseries' coolers.
2. Coefficient of Performance (COP) Cooling: The ra-
tio of the rate of net heat removal to the rate of total
energy input, expressed in consistent units and under
designated rating conditions.
The rate of new heat renewal shall be defined as the
change in the total heat contents of the air entering
and leaving the equipment (without reheat).
Total energy input shall be determined by combining
the energy inputs to all elements of the equipment,
including but not limited to compressor(s), pump(s),
supply -air fan(s), return -air fan(s), condenser -air
fan(s), cooling -lower fan(s), circulating water
pump(s), and the HVAC-system equipment control
circuit.
(f) Applied HVAC-system components, electrically operated
cooling -mode. HVAC-system components, as listed in
Table 4-14 whose energy input is entirely electric, shall
show a Coefficient of Performance (COP) cooling, as de-
fined herein, and not less than the values shown in Table
4-14.
1. Coefficient of Performance (COP) Cooling. The ra-
tio of the rate of net heat removal to the rate of total
energy input, expressed in consistent units and under
designated rating conditions.
The rate of net heat removal is defined as the differ-
ence in total heat contents of the water or refriger-
ant entering and leaving the component.
Total energy input shall be determined, by combining
the energy inputs to all elements and accessories of
the component, including but not limited to,
compressor(s), internal circulating pump(s), con-
denser -air fan(s), evaporative -condenser cooling
water pump(s), purge, and the HVAC-system com-
ponent control circuit.
(g) HVAC-system equipment —heat operated cooling mode.
Efficiency limitation equipment: Heat operated cooling
equipment shall show a (COP) cooling not less than the
values shown in Table 4-15. These requirements apply to,
but are not limited to, absorption equipment, engine driven
equipment, and turbine driven equipment.
(h) Fireplaces. Fireplaces shall be provided with:
1. Tightly fitting flue dampers, operated with a readily
accessible manual or approved automatic control.
EXCEPTION: Fireplaces with gas logs installed in ac-
cordance with UMC 803 shall be equipped with
tightly fitting glass or metal doors.
2. An outside source for combustion air. The duct shall
be at least six square inches in area, and shall be
provided with a readily operable damper.
NEW SECTION
WAC 51-12-412 SECTION 412. ENERGY FOR AIR DELIV-
ERY.
The air transport factor for non-residential all -air HVAC systems
shall not be less than 5.5. The factor shall be based on design system
air flow for constant volume systems. The factor for variable air vol-
ume systems may be based on average conditions of operation. Energy
for transfer of air through heat recovery devices shall not be included
in determining the factor; however, such energy shall be included in
the evaluation of the effectiveness of the heat recovery system.
Air Transport Factor = Space Sensible Heat Removal`
(Supply + Return Fan(s) Power Input)*
*Expressed in Btu/hr.
NEW SECTION
WAC 51-12-413 SECTION 413. BALANCING.
The HVAC system design shall provide means for balancing air and
water systems such as but not limited to dampers, temperature and
pressure test connections and balancing valves.
NEW SECTION
WAC 51-12-414 SECTION 414. COOLING WITH OUT-
DOOR AIR (ECONOMIZER CYCLE).
Each supply fan system shall be designed to use up to and including
100 percent of the fan system capacity for cooling with outdoor air
automatically. Activation of economizer cycle shall be controlled by
sensing outdoor air dry-bulb temperature or outdoor air enthalpy or
alternative means approved by the Building Official.
EXCEPTIONS: Cooling with outdoor air is not required under any one
or more of the following conditions:
(a) Fan system capacity less than 3,500 CFM or 90,000
Btu/hr total cooling capacity.
(b) The quality of the outdoor air is so poor as to require in-
tensive treatment of the air.
(c) The need for humidification or dehumidification requires
the use of more energy than is conserved by the outdoor
air cooling.
(d) The use of outdoor air cooling may affect the operation of
other systems so as to increase the overall energy con-
sumption of the building.
(e) Internal/external zone heat recovery or other energy recov-
ery is used, which is more efficient than using outdoor air.
(0 When all space cooling is accomplished by a circulating
liquid which transfer space heat directly or indirectly to a
heat rejection device such as a cooling tower without the
use of a refrigeration system.
Washington State Register, Issue 85-18
WSR 85-18-068
I
NEW SECTION
WAC 51-12-415 SECTION 415. CONTROLS.
(a) Temperature Control: Each HVAC system shall be provid-
ed with at least one thermostat for the regulation of tem-
perature.
Where used to control both heating and cooling, each
thermostat shall be capable of being set from 55-85°F and
shall be capable of operating the system heating and cool-
ing in sequence. It shall be adjustable to provide a tem-
perature range of at least 10°F between full heating and
full cooling.
(b) Humidity Control. If an HVAC system is equipped with a
means for adding moisture to maintain specific selected
relative humidities in spaces or zones, a humidistat shall
be provided. This device shall be capable of being set to
prevent new energy from being used to produce space rel-
ative humidity (rh) above 30 percent rh. Where a
humidistat is used in an HVAC system for controlling
moisture removal to maintain specific selected relative
humidities in spaces or zones, it shall be capable of being
set to prevent new energy from being used to produce a
space relative humidity below 60 percent relative humidi-
ty.
EXCEPTION: Special occupancies requiring different
relative humidities may be permitted by the Building
Official.
(c) Zoning for Temperature control.
I. One and Two -Family Dwellings: At least one ther-
mostat for regulation of space temperature shall be
provided for each separate HVAC system. In addi-
tion, a readily accessible manual or automatic means
shall be provided to partially restrict or shut off the
heating and/or cooling input to each zone or floor
not controlled by a thermostat.
2. Multi -Family Dwellings: For multi -family dwell-
ings, each individual dwelling unit shall be consid-
ered separately and shall meet the above
requirements. Spaces other than living units shall
meet the requirements of Section 415 (c) (3).
3. All Other Types of Buildings or Occupancies: At
least one thermostat for regulation of space temper-
ature shall be provided for:
A. Each separate HVAC system.
B. Each separate zone. As a minimum each floor of
a building shall be considered as a separate
zone. In a multi -story building where the pe-
rimeter system offsets only the transmission
losses of the exterior wall, an entire side of uni-
form exposure may be zoned separately. A
readily accessible manual or automatic means
shall be provided to restrict partially or shut off
the heating and/or cooling input (for the expo-
sure) to each floor.
4. Control Setback and Shut-off:
A. Residential Occupancy Groups: One -and -Two -
Family and Multi -Family dwellings —The ther-
mostat required in paragraphs 1 and 2 of this
subsection (c) or an alternate means such as a
switch or clock, shall provide a readily accessi-
ble, manual or automatic means for reducing
the energy required for heating and cooling
during the periods of non-use or reduced need,
such as, but not limited to unoccupied periods
and sleeping hours. Lowering thermostat set
points to reduce energy consumption of heating
systems shall not cause energy to be expended
to reach the reduced setting.
B. Other Buildings and Occupancies: Each HVAC
system shall be equipped with a readily accessi-
ble, automatic means of shutting off or reducing
the energy used for HVAC during periods of
non-use or alternate uses of the building spaces
or zones served by the system. The following are
examples that meet this requirement:
i. Manually adjustable automatic timing
devices.
NEW SECTION
ii. Automatic control systems.
WAC 51-12-416 SECTION 416. AIR HANDLING DUCT
SYSTEM INSULATION.
All ducts, plenums and enclosures installed in or on buildings shall
be thermally insulated to meet the requirements of Table 4-16.
EXCEPTIONS: Duct insulation (except where required to prevent con-
densation) is not required in any of the following cases:
(a) Supply or return air ducts installed in unvented crawl
spaces with insulated walls, basements or cellars in one -
and two-family dwellings.
(b) When the heat gain or loss of the ducts, without insulation,
will not increase the energy requirements of the building.
(c) Within the HVAC equipment.
(d) Exhaust air ducts.
NEW SECTION
WAC 51-12-417 SECTION 417. DUCT CONSTRUCTION.
All duct work shall be constructed and erected in accordance with
the Uniform Mechanical Code,
NEW SECTION
WAC 51-12-418 SECTION 418. PIPING INSULATION.
All piping installed to serve buildings (and within) shall be ther-
mally insulated in accordance with Table 4-17, except as stated here-
in, (for recirculating service water heating systems, see Section 422).
(a) Other Insulation Thickness: Insulation thickness in Table
4-17 is based on insulation having thermal resistance in
the range of 4.0 to 4.6 per inch of thickness on a flat sur-
face at a mean temperature of 75°F. Minimum insulation
thickness shall be increased for materials having "R" val-
ues less than 4.0 per inch, or may be reduced for materials
having "R" values greater than 4.6 per inch.
I. For materials with thermal resistance greater than R
= 4.6 per inch, the minimum insulation thickness
may be reduced as follows:
4.6 x Table 4-17 Thickness = New Minimum
Actual R Thickness
2. For materials with thermal resistance less than
R = 4.0 per inch, the minimum insulation thickness
shall be increased as follows:
4.0 x Table 4-17 Thickness = New Minimum
Actual R Thickness
(b) EXCEPTIONS: Piping insulation is not required in any of the
following cases:
1. Piping installed within unitary HVAC equipment.
2. Piping at temperatures between 55°F and 100°F
3. When the heat loss and/or heat gain of the piping,
without insulation, does not increase the energy re-
quirements of the building or is used as a component
of a designed Heating System.
(c) Additional insulation with vapor barriers shall be provided
to prevent condensation where required.
NEW SECTION
WAC 51-12-419 SECTION 419. (RESERVED).
NEW SECTION
WAC 51-12-420 SECTION 420. WATER HEATERS, STOR-
AGE TANKS, BOILERS, AND PIPING.
(a) Performance Efficiency.
1. Gas, oil fired water heaters and electric storage wa-
ter heaters meeting the requirements of ASHRAE
Standard 90A-80 and so labeled shall be deemed as
satisfying the requirements of this subsection.
(b) Temperature Controls.
I. Service water heating systems shall be equipped with
automatic temperature controls capable of adjust-
ment from the lowest to the highest acceptable tem-
perature settings for the intended use.
WSR 85-18-068
Washington State Register, Issue 85-18
2. Shut down: A separate switch shall be provided to
permit turning off the energy supplied to electric
service water heating systems. A separate valve shall
be provided to permit turning off the energy supplied
to the main burner(s) of all other types of service
water heating systems.
3. Swimming Pools.
Heated swimming pools shall be equipped with:
A. A pool cover at the surface of the water.
B. A label on the pool heater that provides the fol-
lowing information: (The following recommen-
dations replace requirements for temperature
and on/off controls.) Pool heating-78°F is
the recommended healthful swimming pool tem-
perature for most people. The water heater
thermostat should be set at 78°F, marked to
identify that setting, and further adjustments
should be discouraged. An increase of 4°F (such
as from 78°F to 82°F) could increase energy
consumption by as much as 40 percent.
Filter System —the time clock for operating
the filter system should be set to operate the fil-
ter system for the minimum number of hours of
operation required to maintain clean and
healthful pool water.
Pool Cover —it is recommended that the pool
be covered except when the pool is in use. Use
of the cover can cut pool heating costs by as
much as 70 percent.
NEW SECTION
WAC 51-12-421 SECTION 421. PUMP OPERATION.
Circulating hot water systems shall be arranged so that the circulat-
ing pump(s) can be conveniently turned off, automatically or manual-
ly, when the hot water system is not in operation.
NEW SECTION
WAC 51-12-422 SECTION 422. PIPE INSULATION.
For recirculating systems, piping heat loss shall be limited to a
maximum of 25 Btu/hr ft2 of external pipe surface for above ground
piping and a maximum of 35 Btu/hr ft of external pipe surface for
underground piping. Maximum heat loss shall be determined at a tem-
perature differential equal to the maximum water temperature minus a
design ambient temperature no higher than 65 degrees F.
NEW SECTION
WAC 51-12-423 SECTION 423. CONSERVATION OF HOT
WATER.
(a) Showers used for other than safety reasons shall be
equipped with flow control devices to limit total flow to a
maximum of 3 gpm per shower head.
(b) Lavatories in restrooms of public facilities shall be
equipped with outlet devices which limit the flow of hot
water to a maximum of 0.5 gpm or equipped with self —
closing valves.
NEW SECTION
WAC 51-12-424 SECTION 424. ELECTRICAL POWER
AND LIGHTING.
Electrical distribution and lighting systems shall be designed for ef-
ficient distribution and use of electrical energy from the service en-
trance to and at the points of use as provided herein.
NEW SECTION
WAC 51-12-425 SECTION 425. LIGHTING SWITCHING.
Switching for building lighting systems shall be designed
and installed to permit efficient use of energy and to per-
mit maximum flexibility in the use of the installed lighting.
The following mandatory requirements represent the mini-
mum lighting controls to be installed in any building. Ad-
ditional controls should be provided where deemed
appropriate and where the installation of such controls can
significantly reduce energy consumption.
All lighting controls, except automatic controls or those
for special purpose applications which require trained op-
erators or those which would pose a safety problem or a
security hazard, shall be installed so as to be readily ac-
cessible to personnel occupying or using the lighting space.
The maximum lighting power that may be controlled from
a single switch or automatic control shall not exceed that
provided by a 20 ampere circuit loaded to no more than 80
percent. A master control may be installed provided the
individual switches retain their capability to function inde-
pendently.
All lighted spaces enclosed by walls or ceiling height par-
titions and with floor area less than four hundred square
feet shall be provided an individual lighting control or an
occupant —sensing automatic control.
All lighted spaces with floor area greater than four hun-
dred square feet shall be provided with controls to permit
reducing the lighting by not more than one half or occu-
pant —sensing automatic controls.
All building areas greater than 200 square feet where nat-
ural lighting is available shall be provided with individual
controls or daylight— or occupant —sensing automatic con-
trols which permit control of lights independent of general
area lighting. Either individual controls shall be provided
for each row of luminaires parallel to a window wall or
controls shall be provided to reduce the lighting in at least
two steps to not more than one—half and to completely off
in the natural lighting area.
For office and school occupancies, at a minimum, lighting
serving a zone within 12 feet of a window wall or the zone
between an interior wall and the window wall of less than
12 feet shall comply with this provision.
For retail occupancies, at least the row of luminaires near-
est the window shall comply with this provision.
All display, exhibition or specialty lighting shall be con-
trolled independently of general area lighting.
All exterior building lighting including facade lighting,
parking lots, driveways, walkways, shall be furnished with
automatic controls to reduce or turn off all lights during
periods of non—use or daylight hours, except those required
for safety and security. Sign lights shall be exempt from
this provision.
NEW SECTION
WAC 51-12-426 SECTION 426. LIGHTING POWER BUDG-
ET.
A lighting power budget is the upper limit of the power to be avail-
able to provide the lighting needs in accordance with the criteria and
calculation procedure specified herein.
The lighting power budget for a building shall be the sum of the
power limits computed for all lighted interior and exterior spaces and
shall be determined in accordance with the procedures specified in this
section.
EXCEPTION: One— and two—family detached dwellings and the
dwelling portion of multi —family buildings are exempt from the re-
quirements of Section 426.
Budget Development.
The installed lighting wattage for the building project shall not ex-
ceed the budget level calculated in this section. The budget wattage
level shall be the sum of the interior budget calculated and the exterior
budget. Lighting wattage includes lamp and ballast wattage.
Building Interiors.
The interior lighting budget shall be calculated by multiplying the
gross conditioned floor area, in square feet, by the appropriate unit
power budget, in watts per square foot, specified in Table No. 4-18.
For special conditions when approved by the Building Official, calcula-
tion based on Illuminating Engineering Society Unit Power Density or
similar nationally recognized standards may be used.
( 116 1
Washington State Register, Issue 85-18
WSR 85-18-068
The lighting power budget shall be based on the primary occupancy
for which the space within the building is intended. If multiple occu-
pancies are intended, the lighting power budget for each type of occu-
pancy shall be separately calculated and summed to obtain the lighting
budget for the interior spaces of the building. If a common circulation
area serves multiple occupancies or multiple retail spaces, the lighting
power budget for the common circulation area shall be the weighted
average of the lighting power budgets for all other areas on that floor.
In cases where a lighting plan for only a portion of a building is sub-
mitted, the interior lighting budget shall be based on the gross floor
area covered by the plan.
EXCEPTION: Where the following automatic lighting
controls are installed, for calculations used to determine
code compliance, the installed lighting wattage may be re-
duced by the following percentages:
° For occupant -sensing devices, energy savings of 30 per-
cent shall be allowed for any single space up to 400 square
feet and enclosed by ceiling height partitions; classrooms,
conference rooms, computer rooms, storage areas, corri-
dors, or waiting rooms.
° For daylighting controls, energy savings of 30 percent
for continuous dimming and 20 percent for stepped con-
trols shall be allowed for any daylit space.
° For lumen maintenance controls, energy savings of 10
percent shall be allowed for any space.
° For daylighting controls with occupant -sensing devices,
energy savings of 44 percent shall be allowed for any sin-
gle space up to 400 square feet within daylit spaces, and
enclosed by ceiling height partitions.
° For occupant -sensing devices with lumen maintenance
controls, energy savings of 37 percent shall be allowed for
any single space up to 400 square feet and enclosed by
ceiling height partitions.
Exceptions to Building Interior Criteria.
Lighting for the following applications shall be exempted from in-
clusion in the calculation of lighting power budgets:
° Stage lighting, entertainment, or audiovisual presenta-
tions where the lighting is an essential technical element
for the function performed.
° Lighting for medical and dental tasks.
° Lighting in areas specifically designed for visually hand-
icapped people.
° For restaurant occupancies, lighting for kitchens and
food preparation areas.
Building Exteriors.
The exterior lighting budget shall be calculated by multiplying the
building perimeter in feet by 7.5 watts per foot. Lighting for parking
structures shall be calculated at 0.3 watts per gross square foot of
parking area. An allowance for outdoor surface parking and circula-
tion lighting may be added at 0.05 watts per square foot of area.
Lighting for signs that are not an integral part of the building shall be
exempted from inclusion in these . iiculations.
TABLE 4-t
Classification of Building Occupancies
Non -
Residential Residential
Other More than
(Table 4-4) (Table 4-4) three stories.
Single Multi-
family family
R-3 R-I Three stories
(Table 4-2) (Table 4-3) and less.
TABLE 4-2
T Low -Rise Residential Buildings
Maximum Allowed U,, Values
and Minimum Allowed R Values
Walls Slab
Climatic Roofs Cathedral (Includes on
Heat Type Zone Ceilings Ceilings Glazing) Floors Grade
Uo Uo Uo U Installed
R
Value
Electric Resistance 1 0.026 0.035 0.144 0.055 8
Other I 0.035 0.035 0.203 0.055 8
Electric Resistance II 0.026 0.035 0.144 0.043 10
Other II 0.035 0.035 0.203 0.055 8
TABLE 4-3
Maximum Allowed U Values and
Minimum Allowed R Values
Non -Residential Occupancies
Buildings 3 Stories or Less
Slab
Zone Ceilings Walls Floors on Grade
Installed
U U„ U R Value
1 0.035 0.25 0.08 8
11 0.035 0.20 0.08 10
' Insulation shall be closed cell, water resistant material manufactured
for this use.
TABLE 4-4
Maximum Allowed U,, Values and
Minimum Allowed R Values
All Occupancies
Buildings over 3 Stories
Slab'
Zone Ceilings
Walls Floors on Grade
Installed
UQ
Ua U.0 R Value
1 0.08
0.30 0.08 8
11 0.06
0.25 0.08 10
'insulation shall be closed cell, water resistant material manufactured
for this use.
TABLE 4-5
Non-residential
HVAC System Heating Equipment-
Gas- and Oil -Fired
Minimum Steady State Combustion Efficiency
Furnaces of Capacity of All Other
225,000 Btu/h and Less Commercial/
Boilers of Capacities of Industrial Furnaces
300,000 Btu/h and Less and Boilers
Types of Equipment
Percent' Percent
Forced -air furnaces and
low-pressure steam or
74 75
hot-water boilers
Gravity
central furnaces
69 -
All other vented
heating equipment
69 -
'Combustion efficiency for furnaces of capacities of 225,000 Btu/h
and less and boilers of capacities of 300,000 Btu/h and less shall be
WSR 85-18-068 Washington State Register, Issue 85-18
tested in accordance with the applicable U.S. Department of Energy
Standard ratings are at sea level.
furnace test procedures.
2Combustion efficiency of commercial/industrial furnaces and boilers
Note: db = dry bulb
wb = wet bulb
is defined as 100 percent minus stack losses in percent of heat input.
Stack losses are:
TABLE 4-11
Loss due to sensible heat in dry flue gas.
Applied HVAC System Components
-
Loss due to incomplete combustion.
Standard Rating Conditions — Cooling
Loss due to sensible and latent heat in moisture formed by
combustion of hydrogen in the fuel.
Centrifugal or
Self -Contained Condenserless
Reciprocating Reciprocating
Item Water -Chiller Water -Chiller
TABLE 4-6
Leaving chilled
(Reserved)
water temperature F 44 44
Entering chilled
water temperature F 54 54
Leaving condenser
water temperature F 95 —
Entering water temp. F 85 —
TABLE 4-7
Non-ferrous tubes • 0.0005 0.0005
(Reserved)
Fouling factor, water
steel tubes • 0.0010 0.0010
Fouling factor,
refrigerant • 0.0000 0.0000
Condenser ambient
(air or evap. cooled) F 95 db/75 wb —
TABLE 4-8
Compressor Water cooled
Allowable Air Infiltration Rates
saturated (or evap.
cooled) F — 105
Windows Residential Doors Commercial Doors
Discharge Air cooled F — 120
(cfm per lineal cfm per lin. ft. cfm per lin . ft.
temp.
foot of operable of crack of crack
sash crack
s are at sea level. Standard ratio
g
sliding entrance swinging, sliding,
' h ft' F/Btu.
glass revolving
TABLE 4-12
HVAC-System Heating Equipment (Heat Pumps)
0.5 0.5 1.00 11.0
Minimum COP & HSPF for Heat Pumps, Heating Mode
TABLE 4-9
HVAC System Heating Equipment (Heat Pumps)
Minimum Minimum
Standard Rating Conditions
Source and Outdoor Temperature(* F) COP HSPF
Conditions Type Air Source Water Source
Air source — 47 d6 43 WB 2.7Air
source — 17 dB/15 WB 1.8
Air source 6.35
Air entering
Water source — 60 entering 3.0
equipment F 70 db 70 db 70 db
Ground source 3.0
Outdoor unit
ambient F 47 db/ 17 db/ —
TABLE 4-13
43 wb 15 wb
Minimum EER and COP -Cooling for
Entering water
Electrically Driven HVAC System Equipment-Coolingt
temperature F — — 60
Water flow rate — — as used in
Evaporative
cooling mode
or
Air Cooled Water Cooled
TABLE 4-10
Standard
HVAC System Equipment
Rating
Capacity EER COP EER COP
Standard Rating Conditions — Cooling
TEMPERATURES
Under 65,000 Btu/hr
DB WB Inlet Outlet
(19,050 watts) 7.8 2.28 8.8 2.58
65,000 Btu/hr
(19,060 watts)
Air Entering Equipment F 80 67 — —
and over 8.2 2.4 9.2 2.69
Condenser Ambient
(Air Cooled) F 95 75 — —
The U.S. Department of Energy has established required test proce-
Condenser Water
dures for single-phase air cooled residential central air conditioners
(Water Cooled) F — — 85 95
under 19 KW (65,000 Btu/h) capacity, which have been incorporated
into ARI Standard 210-79. EER and COP values in Table 4-13 are
based on Test A of DOE Test Procedures.
118
1
Washington State Register, Issue 85-18
WSR 85-18-068
TABLE 4-14
Minimum EER and COP for ElectricIlly
Driven HVAC-System Components
Water Chilling Packages
Condensing Means
Air Water Evap.
Component
Type EER COP EER COP EER COP
Centrifugal
or rotary 8.00 2.34 13.80 4.04
Condenser
included
Reciprocating 8.40 2.46 12.00 3.51
Condenserless
Reciprocating 9.90 2.90 12.00 3.51
Compressor &
Condenser
units 65,000
Btu/hr (19,050
Positive
watts) and overt
displacement 9.50 2.78 12.50 3.66 12.50 3.66
Hydronic Heat Pumps
Component
Type EER COP
Water source
under
65,000 Btu/h
Centrifugal
(19,000 watts)
or rotary 9.00 2.64
Water source
;✓ 65,000 Btu/h
' (19,000 watts)
Centrifugal
and over
or rotary 9.40 2.75
'When tested at the standard rating conditions specified in Table No.
4-9, 4-10, and 4-1 I.
'-Ratings in accordance with Standard RS-14 as applicable. COP
based on condensing unit standard rating capacity and energy input to
the unit, all at sea level.
TABLE 4-15
HVAC-System Heat -Operated Cooling Equipment
Minimum COP = Net Cooling Output
Total Heat Input (Electrical
Auxiliary Inputs Excluded)
Heat Source Minimum COP
Direct fired (gas, oil) 0.48
Indirect fired (steam, hot water) 0.68
TABLE 4-16
Insulation of Ducts
Insulation
Types
Mechanically Climate Insulation Types
Duct Location Cooled Zone Heating Only
Insulation
Types
Mechanically Climate Insulation Types
Duct Location Cooled Zone Heating Only
in walls', within
floor -ceiling spaces'
Within the conditioned None None
space or in basements Required Required
Cement slab or A B
within ground
Note: Where ducts are used for both heating and cooling, the mini-
mum insulation shall be as required for the most restrictive condition.
Insulation may be omitted on that portion of a duct which is
located within a wall or floor -ceiling space where both sides
of this space are exposed to conditioned air and where this
space is not ventilated or otherwise exposed to unconditioned
air.
Z Vapor barriers shall be installed on conditioned air supply
ducts in geographic areas where the average of the July, Au-
gust, and September mean dewpoint temperature exceeds
600 F.
INSULATION TYPES:
A. 0.5-inch 1.5 to 2 lb/cu. ft. duct liner, mineral or glass fiber
blanket
or equivalent to provide an installed thermal resistance of at
least R-2
B. 2-inch 0.60 lb/cu. ft. mineral or glass fiber blanket
1.5-inch 1.5 to 2 lb/cu. ft. duct liner, mineral or glass fiber
blanket
1.5-inch 3 to 7 lb/cu. ft. mineral or glass fiber board
or equivalent to provide an installed thermal resistance of at
least R-6
C. 3-inch 0.60 lb/cu. ft. mineral or glass fiber blanket
2-inch 1.5 to 2 lb/cu. ft. duct liner, mineral or glass fiber
blanket
2-inch 3 to 7 lb/cu. ft. mineral or glass fiber board
or equivalent to provide an installed thermal resistance of at
least R-8
D. 4-inch 0.60 lb/cu. ft. mineral or glass fiber blanket
3-inch 1.5 to 2 lb/cu. ft. duct liner, mineral or glass fiber
blanket
3-inch 3 to 7 lb/cu. ft. mineral or glass fiber board
or equivalent to provide an installed thermal resistance of at
least R-12
V. Vapor barrier, with perm rating not greater than 0.5 perm,
all joints sealed.
W. Approved weatherproof barrier.
TABLE 4-17
Minimum Pipe Insulation
Insulation Thickness In
Inches for Pipe Sizes
Fluid Run-
temper- outs I " 1.25" 2.5" 5" 8"
Piping System ature up to and to to to and
Types range, °F 2"1 less 2" 4" 6" larger
On roof or
HEATING
AND HOT
on exterior
of building
C, VZ and W 1
D, V2 and W II
C and W
D and W
WATER
SYSTEMS
Attics, garages and
B and V2 I
B
Steam and
crawl spaces,
C and VZ 11
C
hot water
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Piping System
Types
High pressure/
temperature
Med. pressure/
temperature
Low pressure/
temperature
Low temperature
Steam
condensate
(for feed
water)
COOLING
SYSTEMS
Washington State Register, Issue 85-18
Insulation Thickness In
Z
Inches for Pipe Sizes
Fluid
Run-
temper-
outs
I " 1.25"
2.5"
5"
8"
ature
up to
and to
to
to
and
range, °F
2"'
less 2"
4"
6"
larger
306-450
1.5
2.5 2.5
3.0
3.5
3.5
251-305 1.5 2.0 2.5 2.5 3.0 3.0
201-250 1.0 1.5 1.5 2.0 2.0 2.0
100-200 .5 1.0 1.0 1.5 1.5 1.5
Any 1.0 1.0 1.5 2.0 2.0 2.0
Chilled water 40-55 .5 .5 .75
Refrigerant, or
brine Below 40 1.0 1.0 1.5
1.0 1.0 1.0
1.5 1.5 1.5
lRunouts not exceeding 12 feet in length to individual
terminal units.
2For piping exposed to outdoor air, increase thickness by .5 inch.
TABLE 4-I8
Interior Lighting Power Budgelt
Lighting
Power
Budget
Group Occupancy Description
(W/sq ft)
A Assembly w/stage
1.1
Stage lighting
Exempt
Assembly w/o stage: other than B and E
1.1
B Gasoline service station
2.0
Storage garages
0.3
Office buildings
1.8
Wholesale stores
2.0
Police and fire stations
1.7
Retail Stores:
less than 6000 s.f.
4.5
6000 to 20.000 s.f.
3.5
over 20,000 s.f.
2.5
Drinking and dining establishments
1.85
Food preparation task light
Exempt
Aircraft hangars - storage
0.7
Process plants
1.0
Factories and work shops
2.0
Storage structures
0.7
E Schools and daycare centers
2.0
Audio-visual presentation lighting
Exempt
H Storage structures
0.7
Handling areas
2.0
Paint shops
2.5
Auto repair shops
2.0
Aircraft repair hangars
2.0
1 Institutions
2.0
Administrative support areas
2.0
Diagnostic, treatment, food
service task lighting
Exempt
R Dwelling units
Exempt
Food preparation task lighting
Exempt
Watts/sq. ft. of room may be increased by two
percent per foot of
height above 20 feet.
2Emergency exit lighting is exempt from interior lighting budget.
CHAPTER 5
BUILDING DESIGN BY SYSTEMS ANALYSIS
AND
BUILDINGS UTILIZING NON-DEPLETABLE ENERGY
SOURCES -
NEW SECTION
WAC 51-12-500 SECTION 500. GENERAL.
This chapter establishes design criteria in terms of total energy use
by a building including all of its systems.
NEW SECTION
WAC 51-12-501 SECTION 501. ENERGY ANALYSIS.
Compliance with this section will require an annual energy analysis.
A building designed in accordance with this chapter (the "alterna-
tive design building") will comply with this Code if the annual energy
consumption is not greater than that of a building of similar design (a
"standard design") whose enclosure elements and energy consuming
systems are designed in accordance with Chapter 4 or Chapter 6. The
calculated energy consumption of the alternative design shall be sub-
ject to a limitation in the improvement credited to any individual
building system as outlined in Section 503, The glazing area to be used
in the "standard design" building shall not exceed 15% of the floor
area.
"Building of similar design" shall mean a building utilizing the same
energy source(s) for the same functions and having equal floor area,
environmental requirements, occupancy, climate data and usage
schedule. Inputs to the energy analysis relating to occupancy and usage
shall correspond to the expected occupancy and usage of the building.
The alternative design shall incorporate the applicable provisions of
Section 415 (mechanical system controls), Section 420(b) (water tem-
perature control), and Section 425 (lighting switching).
NEW SECTION
WAC 51-12-502 SECTION 502. DESIGN.
The standard design, conforming to the criteria of Chapter 4 or
Chapter 6 and the proposed alternative design shall be designed on a
common basis as specified herein. The glazing area to be used in the
standard design building shall not exceed 15% of the floor area.
The comparison of total energy usage shall be expressed in Btu per
square foot or in KWH per square foot of gross floor area per year for
the standard design and the alternative design. Comparison of similar
elements, systems or components shall be expressed in dimensions or
terms accepted by standard engineering practice.
If the proposed alternative design results in an increase in consump-
tion of one energy source and a decrease in another energy source,
even though similar sources are used for similar purposes, the differ-
ence in each energy source shall be converted to equivalent energy
units for purposes of comparing the total energy used.
NEW SECTION
WAC 51-12-503 SECTION 503. ANALYSIS PROCEDURE.
The analysis of the annual energy usage of the standard design and
the proposed alternative building and system design shall meet the fol-
lowing criteria:
(a) The building heating/cooling load calculation procedure
used for annual energy consumption analysis shall be of
sufficient detail to permit the evaluation of effect of factors
specified in Section 504.
(b) The calculation procedure used to simulate the operation of
the building and its service systems through a full year
operating period shall be of sufficient detail to permit the
evaluation of the effect of system design, climatic factors,
operational characteristics, and mechanical equipment on
annual energy usage. Manufacturer's data or comparable
field test data shall be used when available in the simula-
tion of all systems and equipment. The calculation proce-
dure shall be based upon operation of the building and its
service systems through a typical year. Variations in cli-
matic data shall be represented.
(c) The calculation procedure for the standard design and the
proposed alternative design shall separately identify the
energy input to each of the following systems: heating,
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WSR 85-18-068
cooling, ventilation, and lighting. The energy input to any
other system using over ten percent of the total energy in-
put shall also be separately identified. The energy use for
the standard and alternative designs shall be calculated by
summing the energy inputs assigned to each identified sys-
tem and all other energy inputs not separately identified.
The systems identified, and, to the extent possible, the as-
sumptions made in assigning energy inputs to each system,
shall be the same for the standard design and the proposed
alternative design. When electrically driven heat pumps
are employed to provide all or part of the heat for the al-
ternative design, the standard design shall also, for the
purposes of the analysis, assume that electrically driven
heat pumps in conformance with Section 411 and having
capacity at least as great as those used in the alternative
design are employed.
(d) The energy use assigned to each building system in the
proposed alternative design shall be as calculated in sub-
section (c) or eighty percent of the use calculated for the
same system in the standard design in subsection (c),
whichever is greater.
NEW SECTION
WAC 51-12-504 SECTION 504. CALCULATION PROCE-
DURE.
The calculation procedure shall cover the following items:
(a) Design requirements: Design parameters required in Chap-
ter 3.
(b) Climatic data: Coincident data for temperatures, solar ra-
diation, wind and humidity of typical days in the year rep-
resenting seasonal variation.
(c) Building data: Orientation, size, shape, mass, air, moisture
and heat transfer characteristics.
(d) Operational characteristics: Temperature, humidity, venti-
lation, illumination, control mode for occupied and unoc-
cupied hours.
(e) Mechanical equipment: Design capacity, part load profile.
(f) Building loads: Internal heat generation, lighting, equip-
ment, number of people during occupied and unoccupied
periods.
NEW SECTION
WAC 51-12-505 SECTION 505. DOCUMENTATION.
A proposed alternative design submitted under this chapter shall be
accompanied by an energy analysis comparison report. The report shall
provide sufficient technical detail on the two buildings and their sys-
tems and on the data used in and resulting from the comparative
analysis to certify that both the analysis and the designs meet the cri-
teria of this Code.
The Documentation shall demonstrate that the analysis used is con-
sistent with accepted techniques and procedures.
EXCEPTION: Proposed alternative designs for single family and
two family dwellings and for commercial and industrial structures
having the indoor temperature controlled from a single point need not
provide the energy usage analysis for a full year. A comparison of en-
ergy consumption between the alternative design and the standard de-
sign in a manner which follows approved engineering practices and
standards, as approved by the Building Official, shall be provided.
NEW SECTION
WAC 51-12-506 SECTION 506. BUILDINGS UTILIZING
NON-DEPLETABLE ENERGY.
(a) Buildings utilizing solar, geothermal, wind or other non-
depletable energy sources for all or part of its energy
source shall meet the requirements of this chapter of this
Code. The energy derived from the non-depletable source
may be excluded from the total annual energy consump-
tion attributed to the alternate design building by this
chapter.
(b) This section shall also apply to passive cooling processes in
lieu of energy consuming processes.
(c) All other criteria covered in this chapter and Chapter 4
shall apply to the proposed alternative designs utilizing
non-depletable sources of energy.
NEW SECTION
WAC 51-12-507 SECTION 507. DOCUMENTATION —
BUILDINGS USING NON-DEPLETABLE ENERGY SOURCES.
Proposes alternative designs, submitted as requests for exception to
the standard design criteria shall be accompanied by an energy analy-
sis, as specified in this chapter. The report shall provide sufficient tech-
nical detail on the alternative building and system designs and on the
data employed in and resulting from the comparative analysis to verify
that both the analysis and the designs meet the criteria of Chapter 4
and this chapter.
The energy derived from non-depletable sources and the reduction
in conventional energy requirements derived from nocturnal cooling
shall be separately identified from the overall building energy use.
Supporting documentation, on the basis of the performance estimates
for the aforementioned non-depletable energy sources or nocturnal
cooling means, must be submitted.
Energy usage must be calculated in accordance with the design con-
ditions and methods specified in this Code.
CHAPTER 6
PRESCRIPTIVE REQUIREMENTS APPROACH
NEW SECTION
WAC 51-12-600 SECTION 600. GENERAL.
(a) This chapter establishes design criteria in terms of pre-
scribed requirements for building construction.
(b) The requirements contained in this chapter are applicable
only to buildings less than 10,000 square feet in gross floor
area or low-rise residential buildings. Other methods may
be used provided a satisfactory design is submitted show-
ing compliance with the performance standards of this
Code.
(c) Installed insulation having a minimum "R" value as speci-
fied in this chapter shall be accepted as providing the cor-
responding required "U" value.
NEW SECTION
WAC 51-12-601 SECTION 601. LOW-RISE RESIDENTIAL
BUILDING ENVELOPE REQUIREMENTS.
For all components except for walls, the R values specified in Table 6-
1 are for installed insulation material only. R values for construction
are defined as any combination of rigid -sheathing, loose -fill, or batt
insulation that achieves the prescribed R value. Where insulation is in-
stalled in a continuous manner and is not interrupted by occasional
framing members, its R value may be increased by 20% in determining
compliance with the requirements of this table. This allowance does
not apply to insulation of slab on grade.
(a) Walls. The total assembly of opaque exterior wall sections
walls in finished basements, and the interior walls exposed
to unheated spaces shall have a thermal resistance R value
and shall not be less than the values specified in Table 6-I.
Total wall assembly R values include values for insulation,
sheathing, gypsum -board, air -films, earth, concrete, etc.
The following walls shall be considered to meet the R-19
total assembly criteria without additional documentation:
1. 2" x 6" with installed R-19 batt.
2. 2" x 4" with an installed R-13 batt and R-5 insu-
lating sheathing.
3. 2" x 4" with an installed R-11 batt and R-5.4 insu-
lating sheathing.
EXCEPTION: Concrete or masonry foundation
walls of unfinished basements that have one -foot or
less of the wall above grade need not be insulated
until finished, provided that:
1. Any frame walls comply with the requirements of
Table 6-1;
2. The rim -joist are properly insulated;
3. All walls that are more than an average of one -foot
above grade are insulated to meet the requirements
of Table 6-1.
(b) Roof/Ceiling. The roof/ceiling assembly shall have a ther-
mal resistance "R" value and shell not be lees than the
value specified for the indicated type of construction in
Table 6-I.
EXCEPTION: Insulation levels in the case of single rafter
WSR 85-18-068
(c)
(d)
(e)
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Washington State Register, Issue 85-18
or joist vaulted ceilings. These types of ceilings may be in-
sulated to a level of R-30, regardless of space —heating
source.
Thermal Design Standards for Floors.
1. Slab on Grade Floors. For slab on grade floors, the
thermal resistance of the insulation around the pe-
rimeter of the floor shall not be less than the value
given in Table 6-1.
Insulation installed inside the foundation shall ex-
tend downward from the top of the slab for a mini-
mum distance of 24 inches, or downward to the
bottom of the slab; then horizontally beneath the
slab for a minimum total distance of 24 inches. In-
sulation installed outside the foundation shall extend
downward a minimum of 6 inches below grade but
not less than to the frontline and need not extend
deeper than to the top of the footing.
2. Floor Sections. Floor sections over unheated spaces,
such as unheated basements, unheated garages or
ventilated crawl spaces, shall be constructed to com-
ply with the required values as specified in Table 6—
I.
EXCEPTION: Insulation may be omitted from floor
areas over heated basements, heated garages, or un-
der floor areas used as HVAC plenums or in Zone 11
where operable foundation vents are used and when
foundation walls are insulated. When foundation
walls are insulated in accordance with Section
601(a), the insulation shall be attached in a perma-
nent manner.
Thermal Design Standards for Openings.
I. At a minimum, all windows must be double —glazed,
and are classed according to U values as shown on
Table 6-2. Glazing requirements are listed in
Table 6-4.
2. At a minimum, all skylights must be double —glazed.
The area of Class I skylights and Class I exterior
windows sloped more than 30' from the vertical
shall be doubled and this area included in the per-
centage of the total glazing area as allowed for in
Table 6-4. Class 2 or Class 3 glazing in skylights or
Class 2 or Class 3 windows sloped more than 30°
from the vertical shall not be doubled.
3. Single glazing for ornamental, security or architec-
tural purposes shall have its area doubled and shall
be included in the percentage of the total glazing
area as allowed for in Table 6-4. The maximum
area (before doubling) allowed for the total of all
single glazing is 1% of the floor area.
Air Leakage.
1. Windows and Doors. All windows within a wall and
doors shall conform to the air infiltration require-
ments specified in Section 405. Site built windows
shall be constructed to minimize leakage.
EXCEPTION: Required fire doors with a fire resis-
tance rating over one (1) hour and fire windows are
exempt from this section.
2. Exterior joints around windows and door frames,
openings between walls and foundations, between
walls and roof and between wall panels; openings at
penetrations of utility services through walls, floors
and roofs; and all other such openings in the build-
ing envelope shall be sealed, caulked, gasketed, or
weatherstripped to limit air leakage.
Moisture Control. Vapor retarders shall be installed on the
warm side (in winter) of insulation as specified in the fol-
lowing cases:
I. Walls separating conditioned space from uncondi-
tioned space shall have a vapor retarder installed
when thermal insulation is installed. The vapor
retarder shall have a one perm dry cup rating or
less.
2. Roof ceilings:
A. Roof ceiling assemblies where the ventilation
space above the insulation is less than an aver-
age of twelve (12) inches shall be provided with
a vapor retarder having a dry cup perm rating
of 1.0 or less.
B. Vapor retarders shall not be required in roof
ceiling assemblies where the ventilation space
above the insulation averages twelve (12) inches
or greater.
C. Vapor retarders shall not be required where all
of the insulation is installed between the roof
membrane and the structural roof deck.
D. Vapor retarders with a 1.0 or less dry cup perm
rating shall be installed in roof ceiling assem-
blies where the insulation is comprised of insu-
lation between the roofing membrane and the
structural roof decking and insulation below the
structural roof decking.
3. Ground Cover.
A ground cover of 4 mil (0.004 inch thick) polyeth-
ylene or approved equal shall be laid over the ground
within crawl spaces. The ground cover shall be over-
lapped twelve (12) inches minimum at joints and
shall extend over the top of the footing.
EXCEPTION: The ground cover may be omitted in
unheated crawl spaces if the crawl space has a con-
crete slab floor with a minimum thickness of 3-1/2
inches.
(g) General Requirements for Loose Fill Insulation. Blown or
poured loose fill insulation may be used in attic spaces
where the slope of the ceiling is not more than 3 feet in 12
feet and there is at least 30 inches of clear distance from
the top of the bottom chord of the truss or ceiling joist to
the underside of the roof sheathing at the roof ridge. When
eave vents are installed, baffling of the vent openings shall
be provided so as to deflect the incoming air above the sur-
face of the insulation.
(h) Space Heat Type. The following four categories comprise
all space heating types:
1. Electric Resistance. Space heating systems which in-
clude baseboard units, radiant units, and forced air
units as either the primary or secondary heating sys-
tem.
EXCEPTIONS: Electric resistance elements which
are integral to either heat pump or passive solar
heating systems (as defined below), or when the total
electric heat capacity in each individual dwelling
unit does not exceed the greater of: 1) 1,000 watts
per dwelling, or; 2) 1.0 watts per square foot of the
gross floor area.
2. Electric, Passive Solar. Electric resistance space
heating systems which utilize solar energy to provide
a portion of the building's heating load. A Passive
Solar System is required to have at least ten (10)
percent of the building's gross floor area in glazing
that meets the specifications of Section 601(i).
3. Other. Includes all gas, wood, oil, propane, and elec-
tric heat pump space heating systems, unless electric
resistance is used as a secondary heating system.
(See EXCEPTIONS, Electric Resistance, Section
601 (h) 1. above.)
4. Other, Passive Solar. Other types of space heating .
systems which utilize solar energy to provide a por-
tion of the building's heating load. A Passive Solar
System is required to have at least ten (10) percent
of the building's gross floor area in glazing that
meets the specifications of Section 601(i).
Non —electric heat pump heating systems are also in-
cluded in this category.
(i) Passive Solar Glazing. Glazing areas are required to meet
the following criteria in order to be considered Passive Solar
Glazing.
I. Glazing areas are required to meet the "Electric,
Passive Solar" and "Other, Passive Solar" glazing
requirements of Table 6-4.
2. The south glazing shall be oriented within 45 degrees
of true south.
3. The glazing shall be mounted at least 60 degrees up
from the horizontal.
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Washington State Register, Issue 85-18
WSR 85-18-068
4. The glazing shall have a transmission coefficient
greater than or equal to 0.80 for visible light or
greater than or equal to 0.73 for total solar
radiation.
5. Documentation shall be provided in the form of a
sun chart, a photograph, or approved evidence, dem-
onstrating that the glazing area shall not be shaded
for at least 4 hours between 8 a.m. and 4 p.m.
standard time on January 21 and March 21.
6. The building shall contain a heal capacity equal to a
four inch concrete slab. The heat capacity shall be
equivalent to at least 20 Btu/degree F-ft for each
square foot of south glazing when the south glazing
area is between 10% and 14% of the building's gross
floor area, and at least 45 Btu/degree F-ftz for each
square foot of south glazing when the south area
glazing exceeds 14 percent of gross floor area. In
buildings with south glazing area between 10% and
14% of gross floor area, the heat capacity provided
by a four inch concrete slab shall be deemed suffi-
cient. This heat storage capacity shall be located in-
side the insulated shell of the structure and not
covered with insulation materials, such as carpet,
which yield an R value of 1.0 or greater. If the stor-
age medium is not within the space containing the
south glazing, an approved natural or mechanical
means of transferring the heat to the heat storage
medium shall be provided. Heat storage capacity
shall be calculated using the below equation and/or
accepted analytical methods:
HS = DxSHxV
WHERE:
HS = Heat Storage. The heat storage capacity avail-
able inside the insulated space.
V = Volume of heat storage components.
D = Density of material inside the insulated shell of
the building to a depth yielding a thermal resis-
tance of R-I, except in the case of slab floors
where only the slab itself is credited. Mass located
in conditioned or unconditioned basements with-
out solar glazing shall not be counted (lbs/cu ft).
SH = Specific heat of the material (Btu/lb/°F).
(j) Ventilation: Enclosed joist or rafter spaces formed where
ceilings are applied directly to the under side of roof joists
or rafters must have joists or rafters of sufficient size to
provide a minimum of one inch clear vented air space above
the insulation (see also Section 3205 (c) of UBC). Ceiling
insulation may be tapered or compressed at the perimeter to
permit proper venting.
NEW SECTION
WAC 51-12-602 SECTION 602. BUILDING MECHANICAL
SYSTEMS —GENERAL.
All HVAC devices, components and their elements shall conform to
the requirements of this section.
(a) Heating and Mechanical Cooling Devices.
I. All heating and mechanical cooling devices shall
meet the required efficiency factor specified herein
or in Tables 4-12, 4-13, 4-14, and 4-15, 6-3, and
6-4, for the specific type of device.
2. Combustion Heating Equipment. All gas and oil
fired heating equipment shall meet the minimum
combustion efficiencies as specified in Table 6-4.
_-3, Fireplaces shall be provided with:
A. Tightly fitting flue dampers, operated with a
readily accessible manual or approved automat-
ic control.
EXCEPTION: Fireplaces with gas logs in-
stalled in accordance with UMC 803 shall be
equipped with tightly fitting glass or metal
doors.
B. An outside source for combustion air. The duct
shall be at least six square inches in area, and
shall be provided with a readily operable
damper.
4. Calculation of Heating and Cooling Loads. Heating
and cooling design loads for the purpose of sizing
HVAC systems are required and shall be calculated
in accordance with accepted engineering practice.
The design parameters specified in Chapter 3 shall
apply for all computations.
HVAC equipment for low-rise residential buildings
shall be sized no greater than 150 percent of the de-
sign load as calculated above.
EXCEPTION: The following exemption from the
sizing limit shall be allowed, however, in all cases
healing and/or cooling design load calculations shall
be submitted. For equipment which provides both
heating and cooling in one package unit, including
heat pumps with electric heating and cooling and
gas -pack units with gas heating and electric cooling,
compliance need only be demonstrated for either the
space heating or space cooling system size.
(b) Temperature Control.
Each heating system shall be provided with at least one
thermostat for the regulation of temperature. Each ther-
mostat shall be capable of being set as follows:
Where used to control heating only-55-75°;
Where used to control cooling only-70-85°;
Where used to control both healing and cooling, it shall
conform to the requirements of Section 415.
(c) Zoning for Temperature Control
1. Group R-3 Occupancy
At least one thermostat for regulation of space tem-
perature shall be provided for each separate HVAC
system. In addition, a readily accessible manual or
automatic means shall be provided to partially re-
strict or shut off the heating or cooling input to each
zone or floor.
EXCEPTION: Nonconditioned basements and
garages.
2. Group R-1 Occupancy.
For multi -family dwellings, each individual dwelling
unit shall be considered separately and shall meet
the requirements of Section 602. Spaces other than
living units shall meet the requirements of section
415 (c) 1.
3. Control Setback and Shutoff: Group R-1 and R-2.
The thermostat required in (a) and (b) or an alter-
nate means such as a switch or clock, shall provide a
readily accessible, manual or automatic means for
reducing the energy required for heating and cooling
during periods of non-use or reduced need such as,
but not limited to, unoccupied periods and sleeping
hours. Lowering thermostat set points to reduce en-
ergy consumption of heating systems shall not cause
energy to be expended to reach the reduced setting.
4. Duct Insulation.
All ducts, plenums and enclosures installed in or on
buildings shall be thermally insulated and construct-
ed in accordance with Section 416.
5. Pipe Insulation.
All piping installed to serve buildings or within
buildings shall be thermally insulated in accordance
with Table 4-17.
EXCEPTION: For service water heating systems,
see Section 603.
NEW SECTION
WAC 51-12-603 SECTION 603. LOW-RISE RESIDENTIAL
SERVICE WATER HEATING.
Water heating storage tanks, boilers and piping for all water heating
systems shall be installed in accordance with the following:
(a) Temperature Controls.
Service water heating systems shall be equipped with au-
tomatic temperature controls capable of adjustment from
the lowest to the highest acceptable temperature settings
for the intended use.
(b) Swimming Pools
Heated swimming pools shall be equipped with:
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I. A pool cover at the surface of the water.
2. A label on the pool heater that provides the follow-
ing information: (the following recommendations re-
place requirements for temperature and on/off
controls):
Pool heating-78°F is the recommended healthful
swimming pool temperature for most people. The
water heater thermostat should be set at 78°F,
marked to identify the setting, and further adjust-
ments should be discouraged. An increase of 4°F
(such as from 78OF to 82°F) could increase energy
consumption by as much as 40 percent.
Filter system —the time clock for operating the filter
system should be set to operate the filter system for
the minimum number of hours of operation required
to maintain clean and healthful pool water.
Pool cover —it is recommended that the pool be cov-
ered except when the pool is in use. Use of the cover
can cut pool heating costs by as much as 70 percent.
(c) Pump Operation
Circulating hot water systems shall be arranged so that the
circulating pump(s) can be conveniently turned off, auto-
matically or manually, when the hot water system is not in
operation.
(d) Pipe Insulation for Recirculating Systems.
All recirculating system piping installed to serve buildings
(and within) shall be thermally insulated in accordance
with Section 422.
(e) Showers.
Showers used for other than safety reasons shall be
equipped with flow control devices to limit total flow to a
maximum of 3 gpm per shower head.
(0 Water Heater
Gas, oil fired water heaters, and electric storage water
heaters must meet the requirements of ASHRAE
Standards 90A-80, and be so labeled.
All electric water heaters in unheated spaces shall be
placed on an incompressible, insulated surface with a min-
imum thermal resistance of R-10. Electric water heaters
placed on floors insulated to a minimum of R-10 shall be
deemed to meet with this requirement.
NEW SECTION
WAC 51-12-604 SECTION 604. LOW—RISE RESIDENTIAL
ELECTRICAL POWER AND LIGHTING.
The electrical power distribution and lighting systems shall conform
to the requirements of section 424, et seq.
EXCEPTION: One and Two—family detached dwellings and the
dwelling portion of Multi —family buildings are exempt from the re-
quirements of this section.
NFW SECTION
WAC 51-12-605 SECTION 605. BUILDING ENVELOPE
REQUIREMENTS FOR OTHER THAN LOW—RISE RESIDEN-
TIAL BUILDINGS.
(a) Opaque Envelope Criteria. Roof/Ceilings, exterior walls,
floors over unconditioned space, below grade walls and slab
on grade floors enclosing heated spaces shall be insulated to
not less than the nominal R value specified for
roof/ceilings, exterior walls, floors over unconditioned
space, below grade walls and slab on grade floors, respec-
tively, in Table No. 6-5. Roof/ceilings enclosing mechani-
cally cooled spaces shall be insulated to not less than the
nominal R value specified for roof/ceilings in
Table No. 6-5. Compliance with nominal R values shall be
demonstrated for the thermal resistance of the added insu-
lation in framing cavities and/or insulated sheathing only
and shall not include the thermal transmittance of other
building materials or air films, but shall permit interruption
by occasional framing members.
Installation of materials shall comply with Section 402 (d)
and (e). In addition, below grade wall insulation shall ex-
tend from the top of the wall to the top of the footing or
floor slab. Slab on grade floor insulation shall be installed
along the entire perimeter of slab on grade floors, except
for any part of slab which extends into an unconditioned
space such as a garage, and shall extend downward from
the top of the slab to the top of the footing or to the bottom
of the thickened edge of a monolithic slab or for a mini-
mum distance of 24 inches or downward to the bottom of
the slab then horizontally beneath the slab for a minimum
total distance of 24 inches and shall be an approved type.
(b) Glazing Criteria. All glazing shall be, at a minimum, dou-
ble glazing. Insulating glass with at least 1/4 inch air space
or approved storm sash will be considered as complying.
The total glazing area shall not exceed the percentage of
gross exterior wall area specified in Table No. 6-5.
EXCEPTION: Single —glazed doors may be installed
provided that their area is doubled for the purpose of
demonstrating compliance with the glazing area
requirements.
(c) Air Leakage. All buildings shall comply with the air leak-
age requirement of Section 405.
NEW SECTION
WAC 51-12-606 SECTION 606. BUILDING MECHANI-
CAL SYSTEM REQUIREMENTS FOR OTHER THAN LOW—
RISE RESIDENTIAL BUILDINGS.
All building mechanical systems shall comply with the requirements of
Sections 406 to 418, inclusive.
NEW SECTION
WAC 51-12-607 SECTION 607. SERVICE WATER HEAT-
ING REQUIREMENT FOR OTHER THAN LOW—RISE RESI-
DENTIAL BUILDINGS.
All service water heating systems shall comply with the requirements
of Sections 420 to 423, inclusive.
NEW SECTION
WAC 51-12-608 SECTION 608. ELECTRICAL POWER
AND LIGHTING REQUIREMENTS FOR OTHER THAN LOW—
RISE RESIDENTIAL BUILDINGS.
All electrical power and lighting systems shall comply with the re-
quirements of Sections 424 to 426, inclusive.
TABLE 6-1
Low —Rise Residential Buildings
Minimum (average) Allowed R Values
Climatic Roof Slab on
Space Heat Type Zone Ceilings Decks Walls Floors Grade
Electric Resistance
1 38
38 19
19
Electric, Passive Solar
1 30
30 19
19
Other
1 30
30 19
19
Other, Passive Solar
1 30
30 19
19
Electric Resistance
11 38
38 19
25
Electric, Passive Solar
11 30
30 19
19
Other
II 30
30 19
19
Other, Passive Solar
It 30
30 19
19
TABLE 6-2
Low —Rise Residential
Buildings
Classes of Glazing
Window Thermal
Class
U—Value
Testing Requirement
.90 Untested
Greater than .75 Tested
.61 to .75 Tested
Less than .61 Tested
10
10
8
8
1 124 1
Washington State Register, Issue 85-18 WSR 85-18-069
TABLE 6-3 WSR 85-18-069
9 Low —Rise Residential Buildings
J Heat Pump Minimum Efficiencies
Source and Outdoor Class 1 Class 2
Temperature (°F) COP HSPF COP
HSPF
Air Source — 47 dB/43 W B 2.7
2.5
Air Source — 17 dB/43 WB 1.8
1.5
Air Source 6.35
5.60
Water Source — 60 entering 3.0
2.5
Ground Source 3.0
3.0
TABLE 6-4
Low —Rise Residential Buildings
Glazing and Furnace
Efficiency Requirements
Maximum Percentage
Heat
Climate of Floor Area Glazing
Pump
Space Heat Type Zone in Glazing Class
AFUE'
Class
Electric Resistance I 21%
3
n/a
n/a
Electric, Passive
Solar 1 21%
3
n/a
n/a
Other 1 21%n
2
.65
2
Other 1 21%
1
.74
1
Other, Passive Solar 1 21%
1
.65
2
Electric Resistance 11 17%
3
n/a
n/a
Electric, Passive
Solar II 17%
3
n/a
n/a
Other 11 17%
2
.65
2
Other II 17%
1
.74
1
Other, Passive Solar 11 17%
1
.65
2
'AFUE applies only to central heating equipment. All other types of
heating equipment fueled by gas, oil, or propane must be equipped
with an intermittent ignition device in order to use Class 1 glazing.
TABLE NO. 6-5
COMPONENT REQUIREMENTS FOR ALL BUILDINGS
OTHER THAN LOW—RISE RESIDENTIAL BUILDINGS
COMPONENT ZONE ZONE If
SPACE CONDITIONING
SYSTEM TYPE
OPAQUE ENVELOPE —
Minimum nominal R value
Roof/ceilings
Exterior Walls
Floors over
unconditioned space
Below grade walls
Slab on grade floors
GLAZING
Type
Maximum total area
(percent of gross
exterior wall)
Any Any
R-30 R-30
R—I 1 R-1 I
R—I I R—I I
R-4 R-5
R-8 R-10
Double Double
32% 22%
PROPOSED RULES
DEPARTMENT OF REVENUE
(Filed September 4, 1985)
Notice is hereby given in accordance with the provi-
sions of RCW 34.04.025, that the Department of Reve-
nue intends to adopt, amend, or repeal rules concerning:
Amd WAC 458-20-179 Public utility tax.
Amd WAC 458-20-189 Sales to and by the state of Washington,
counties, cities, school districts, and oth-
er municipal subdivisions;
that the agency will at 1:30 p.m., Wednesday, October
9, 1985, in the First Floor Conference Room, General
Administration Building, conduct a public hearing on
the proposed rules.
The formal decision regarding adoption, amendment,
or repeal of the rules will take place on October 16,
1985.
The authority under which these rules are proposed is
RCW 82.32.300.
The specific statute these rules are intended to imple-
ment is section 10, chapter 471, Laws of 1985, as yet
uncodified, commonly referred to as Substitute Senate
Bill 4228, section 10.
Interested persons may submit data, views, or argu-
ments to this agency in writing to be received by this
agency before October 9, 1985.
Dated: September 4, 1985
By: Matthew J. Coyle
Acting Director
STATEMENT OF PURPOSE
Title: WAC 458-20-179 Public utility tax.
Description of Purpose: To implement the provisions
of section 10, chapter 471, Laws of 1985, which took ef-
fect on July 1, 1985, to reclassify the sewerage and
refuse collection businesses from the service classifica-
tion of business and occupation tax to the public utility
tax under express classifications and tax rates. To define
terms and explain exclusions of certain activities from
the public utility tax. To explain the nonpyramiding na-
ture of the tax and explain deductions from the tax
measures. To further explain present provisions of the
rule unaffected by new legislation and to delete specific
inclusions of various, changeable tax rates. Emergency
rule adoption is necessary because the law being imple-
mented took effect on July 1, 1985.
Statutory Authority: RCW 82.32.300.
Specific Statute Rule is Intended to Implement: Sec-
tion 10, chapter 471, Laws of 1985, as yet uncodified,
commonly referred to as Substitute Senate Bill 4228,
section 10.
Reasons Supporting Proposed Action: Administration
of this law requires certain definitions of terms, inclus-
ions and exclusions of certain express activities, and an
explanation of certain existing deductions from the mea-
sures of tax which were not always available before the
business activities were reclassified for tax purposes by
the law being implemented hereby. Additional house-
keeping amendments to the rule are necessary for clari-
ty, consistency, and uniformity of tax applications
11251