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APPROVED PLN BLD2020-0479+Geotechnical_Report+5.11.2020_12.23.11_PMAges Engineering, LLC PuyalluP.O. Box 935 p, WA. 98371 (253)845-7000 www.agesengmeering.com A Geotechnical and Environmental Services, LLC GEOTECHNICAL REPORT Meadowdale Road Residential 16216 N. Meadowdale Road Edmonds, Washington APPROVED BY PLANNING Parcel Number: 00649500001000 Sep 02 2020 Project No. A-1479-1 Prepared For: Brett Buehler 20516 — 8011 Avenue W. Edmonds, WA 98026 February 29, 2020 ,ECEIVED May 212020 CITY OF EDMONDS DEVELOPMENT SERVICES DEPARTMENT Ages P.O. Box 935 Engineering, LLC Puyallup, WA.98371 Main (253) 845-7000 A Geotechnical and Environmental Services LLC www.agesengmeenng.com February 29, 2020 Project No. A-1479-1 Brett Buehler 20516 — 801h Avenue W. Edmonds, WA 98026 Subject: Geotechnical Report Meadowdale Road Residential 16216 N. Meadowdale Road Edmonds, Washington Parcel Number: 00649500001000 Dear Mr. Buehler, As requested, we have conducted a geotechnical study for the subject project. The attached report presents our findings and recommendations for the geotechnical aspects of project design and construction. Our field exploration indicates the site is generally underlain with native sand with silt and trace amounts of gravel consistent with Advance Outwash. We did not encounter groundwater seepage in any of the test holes advanced on the site. In our opinion, the soil and groundwater conditions at the site are suitable for the planned development. The new retaining wall can be supported on the existing organic -free native soils observed immediately below the ground surface, or on structural fill placed above these native soils. Detailed recommendations addressing these issues and other geotechnical design considerations are presented in the attached report. We trust the information presented is sufficient for your current needs. If you have any questions or require additional information, please call. Respectfully Submitted, Ages Engineering, W en z r � R 38917 p Bernard P. Knoll, I1 �s FGISTE" C?� Principal S�4NAL BPK:bpk Ages Engineering, LLC Page 1 253-845-7000 TABLE OF CONTENTS 1.0 PROJECT DESCRIPTION...................................................................I 2.0 SCOPE.......................................................................................... I 3.0 SITE CONDITIONS..........................................................................2 3.1 Surface.................................................................................2 3.2 Soils....................................................................................2 3.3 Mapped Soils.........................................................................3 3.4 Groundwater..........................................................................3 4.0 GEOLOGIC HAZARDS.....................................................................4 4.1 General..................................................................................4 4.2 Landslide................................................................................4 4.3 Seismic.................................................................................5 4.4 Erosion..................................................................................6 �Xlreli)E41 tell183UVA►110111:1i7"T1UV1:0 fi7tiIC�7� 5.1 General..................................................................................7 5.2 Slope Stability Analysis.............................................................7 5.3 Development in Potential Landslide Hazard Areas...............................9 5.4 Site Preparation and Grading.......................................................12 5.5 Excavations...........................................................................14 5.6 ComerStone® Retaining Wall....................................................15 5.7 Permanent Slopes and Embankments.............................................16 6.0 ADDITIONAL SERVICES...................................................................17 7.0 LIMITATIONS..................................................................................1 7 Figures Site Vicinity Map...............................................................................Figure 1 Exploration Location Plan.....................................................................Figure 2 GeologicMap..................................................................................Figure 3 Pre- and post -Construction Slope Stability Section ......................................Figure 4 Post -Construction Seismic Slope Stability Section .......................................Figure 5 Appendix Site Exploration..........................................................................Appendix A CornerStone® Wall Calculations ......................................................Appendix B Ages Engineering, LLC Page 1 253-845-7000 Geotechnical Report Meadowdale Road Residential 16216 N. Meadowdale Road Edmonds, Washington 1.0 PROJECT DESCRIPTION The project will consist of a residential development. We discussed the planned development with the project contractor and were provided with two document s from the City of Edmonds. We were provided with a City of Edmonds Building Division Plan Review Comments Letter dated October 15, 2019 and a City of Edmonds Planning Division Plan Review Comments Letter dated October 14, 2019. Based on these discussions and our review of the documents provided to us, we understand the existing railroad tie retaining wall on the site is being replaced with the CornerStone® Retaining Wall System. We understand the Cornerstone® F-100 blocks will be used. The wall will be approximately 120 feet long and have a maximum total height of 4.0 feet. The new wall will extend along the western side of the existing driveway and terminate at the end of the existing concrete retaining wall located adjacent the southwest corner of the existing residence on the site. Access to the site is provided by N. Meadowdale Road located along the northeast side of the site. The conclusions and recommendations presented in this report are based on our understanding of the above stated site and the planned project design features. If actual site conditions differ, the planned project design features are different than we expect, or if changes are made, we should review them in order to modify or supplement our conclusions and recommendations as necessary. 2.0 SCOPE On February 22, 2019 we advanced two hand -augured test holes to a maximum depth of 10.0 feet below surface grades and 3.0 feet below the bottom of the planned retaining wall location. Using the information obtained from our subsurface exploration, we developed geotechnical design and construction recommendations for the project. Specifically, this Preliminary Geotechnical Report addresses the following: • Reviewing the available geologic, hydrogeologic and geotechnical data for the site area, and conducting a geologic reconnaissance of the site area. • Addressing the appropriate geotechnical regulatory requirements for the planned site development, including a Geologic Hazard evaluation. • Advancing two hand augured test holes in the planned new development area to a maximum depth of approximately 10.0 feet below surface grades. • Providing geotechnical recommendations for site grading including site preparation, subgrade preparation, fill placement criteria, suitability of on -site soils for use as Ages Engineering, LLC Page 1 253-845-7000 structural fill, temporary and permanent cut and fill slopes, and drainage and erosion control measures. • Providing geotechnical design and construction recommendations for a new CornerStone® Retaining Wall on the subject site. • Providing an evaluation of the existing slopes on the site. • Providing recommendations for site drainage. It should be noted that our work does not include services related to environmental remediation or design and performance issues related to moisture intrusion through walls. An appropriate design professional or qualified contractor should be contacted to address these issues. Our work does not include infiltration testing. 3.0 SITE CONDITIONS 3.1 Surface The subject site is an irregular -shaped residential parcel located at 16216 North Meadowdale Road in the Meadowdale area of Edmonds, Washington. The site is currently occupied with a single-family residence located in the approximate center of the site. A driveway extends from North Meadowdale Road to the south side of the existing residence. The site is bordered with existing single-family residential parcels to the north, west, and south, and North Meadowdale Road to the east. The location of the site is shown on the Site Vicinity Map provided in Figure 1. A CornerStone® retaining wall is currently under construction along the western (uphill) side of the driveway on the site. Wall construction began at the south end of the planned wall alignment and was stopped after approximately 30 feet of the wall was constructed. The remaining portions of the planned wall alignment have been exposed and are awaiting the continued construction of the new CornerStone® wall. We understand a wooden retaining wall previously occupied the same alignment and the new CornerStone® wall alignment. The previously existing wooden wall has been removed. Several pallets of CornerStone® F-100 blocks are stockpiled on the site. Surface grades in the vicinity of the site slope down to the east. Surface grades on the site slope down to the east at inclinations ranging from 10 to 50 percent. The steeper grades are located along the western (uphill) side of the site. Site vegetation consists of various medium-sized evergreen and deciduous trees with moderately thick underbrush. The current site conditions are shown on the Exploration Location Plan provided in Figure 2. 3.2 Soils The soils we observed at the site generally consist of sand with silt and varying amounts of gravel consistent with Advance Outwash. Ages Engineering, LLC Page 2 253-845-7000 In Test Hole TH-1, located at the northern end of the recently constructed ComerStone® wall alignment, we encountered 10 inches of forest duff and topsoil overlying loose to medium dense, moist, tan sand with silt to a depth of 4.0 feet below surface grades. These soils were exposed on the cut slope behind the wall alignment. Excavations below the base of the wall in this location encountered moist, medium dense, slightly cemented, tannish -gray sand with silt and gravel consistent with Advance Outwash to a total depth of 7.0 feet below surface grades. In Test Hole TH-2, located at the northern end of the planned wall alignment adjacent the concrete wall by the SW building comer, we encountered 10 inches of forest duff and topsoil overlying loose to medium dense, moist, tan sand with silt to a depth of 4.0 feet below surface grades. Below 4.0 feet, the soils became moist, medium dense, slightly cemented tannish -gray sand with silt and trace amounts of gravel to a depth of 7.0 feet below surface grades. These soils were exposed on the cut slope behind the wall alignment. Excavations below the base of the wall in this location encountered moist, dense, slightly cemented, gray sand with silt and gravel consistent with Advance Outwash to a total depth of 10.0 feet below surface grades. Figures A-1 through A-2 present more detailed descriptions of the subsurface conditions encountered in the test holes. The approximate test hole locations are shown on the Exploration Location Plan provided in Figure 2. 3.3 Mapped Soils According to The Geologic Map of the Edmonds East and Part of the Edmonds West Quadrangles, Washington, by James P. Minard (1983), the soils in the vicinity of the site are mapped as Advance Outwash (Qva). The Advance Outwash was deposited in front of the advancing glacial ice and was consequently over -ridden by the glacial ice mass. The Advance Outwash is described as mostly clean, gray, pebbly sand with increasing amounts of gravel higher in the section. Distinctive features of the outwash are its well -developed cross and horizontal stratification, and cut and fill structures. Locally, some of these sediments are stained by iron oxide precipitated from groundwater. Fine-grained sand and some silt are common in the lower part of the unit and also locally occur sparingly in the upper part. The Advance Outwash, and all units under the Advance Outwash, are typically in a dense to very dense condition, and will exhibit a relatively high shear strength and low compressibility where undisturbed. The near surface soils at the site have been disturbed by natural weathering processes that have occurred since their deposition. No springs or groundwater seepage was observed on the surface of the site at the time of our site visit. A copy of the Geologic Map for the subject site is provided in Figure 3. 3.4 Groundwater We did not encounter groundwater seepage in any of the test holes advanced at the site. However, we expect a seasonal perched water table develops on top of the underlying dense glacially consolidated soils during the wet winter months. Groundwater levels and flow rates will fluctuate seasonally and typically reach their highest levels during and shortly following the wet winter months (October through May). Ages Engineering, LLC Page 3 253-845-7000 4.0 GEOLOGIC HAZARD AREAS 4.1 General According to Chapter 23.80 in the City of Edmonds Municipal Code geologic hazard areas include "areas susceptible to erosion, land sliding, earthquake, or other geological events. They pose a threat to the health and safety of citizens when incompatible development is sited in areas of significant hazard. Such incompatible development may not only place itself at risk, but also may increase the hazard to surrounding development and use. Areas susceptible to one or more of the following types of hazards shall be designated as a geologically hazardous area: A. Erosion hazard; B. Landslide hazard; and C. Seismic hazard. [Ord. 4026 1 (Att. A), 2016; Ord. 3527 2, 2004]." 4.2 Landslide According to the City of Edmonds Municipal Code 23.80.020, landslide hazard areas are defined as: "areas potentially subject to landslides based on a combination of geologic, topographic, and hydrologic factors. They include areas susceptible because of any combination of soil, slope (gradient), slope aspect, structure, hydrology, or other factors. Within the city of Edmonds potential landslide hazard areas include: l . Areas of ancient or historic failures in Edmonds which include all areas within the earth subsidence and landslide hazard area as identified in the 1979 report of Robert Lowe Associates and amended by the 1985 report of GeoEngineers, Inc., and further discussed in the 2007 report by Landau Associates; 2. Coastal areas mapped as class u (unstable), uos (unstable old slides), and urs (unstable recent slides) in the Department of Ecology Washington coastal atlas; 3. Areas designated as quaternary slumps, earthflows, mudflows, or landslides on maps published by the United States Geological Survey or Washington State Department of Natural Resources; 4. Any slope of 40 percent or steeper that exceeds a vertical height of 10 feet over a 25- foot horizontal run. Except for rockeries that have been engineered and approved by the engineer as having been built according to the engineered design, all other modified slopes (including slopes where there are breaks in slopes) meeting overall average steepness and height criteria should be considered potential landslide hazard areas); 5. Any slope with all three of the following characteristics: a. Slopes steeper than 15 percent; b. Hillsides intersecting geologic contacts with a relatively permeable sediment overlying a relatively impermeable sediment; and C. Springs or ground water seepage; 6. Any area potentially unstable as a result of rapid stream incision or stream bank erosion; Ages Engineering, LLC Page 4 253-845-7000 7. Any area located on an alluvial fan, presently subject to, or potentially subject to, inundation by debris flow or deposition of stream -transported sediments; and 8. Any slopes that have been modified by past development activity that still meet the slope criteria." Based on our document research, we found no areas on the site mapped as areas of historic slope failures. The site is not located along a shoreline and therefore is not mapped by the Washington State Department of Ecology Coastal Zone Atlas. The United States Geological Survey and the Washington State Department of Natural Resources maps have not designated any areas as quaternary slumps, earthflows, mudflows, or landslides. The site does not have a stream running thru it, therefore no rapid stream incision or stream bank erosion. We did not observe any areas with topographic expression of runout zones, such as fans and colluvial deposition at the toes of hillsides. The sites' eastern slope area exceeds 15 percent but have no groundwater seepage or springs, and do not have intersecting contacts with a relatively permeable sediment overlying a relatively impermeable sediment. The sites' eastern slope area exceeds 40 percent and has a vertical height of over 10 feet for a 25-foot horizontal run. The sites' eastern slope area may have been cut to its current inclination by past grading activities on the site. Based on the current inclination of the sites' eastern slope area exceeding 40 percent, the site is classified as a landslide hazard area. However, the site is underlain with medium dense to dense sand with silt and trace amounts of gravel consistent with Advance Outwash that will exhibit a relatively high shear strength and low compressibility, even in a sloping environment. We estimate the friction angle of the native Advance Outwash sands is approximately 36-degrees with cohesion of approximately 200 psf. And based on our site measurements, the sites' eastern slope area in inclined at an approximate 30-degree angle. Based on these parameters, the slope is currently at an angle that is less than the soils friction angle. A soils friction angle is based on the principle that when a soil is gradually piled, the natural side slopes of the pile will be representative of the soils friction angle. If piles steeper than the friction angle are made, and no other factor are present, the soil will eventually erode until its side slope equal its friction angle. The natural cohesion of the soil will increase the internal strength of the soil allowing it to stand stable at a much steeper configuration. Based on these factors, we expect the sites' eastern slope is stable from a global perspective. Provided surface water is controlled on the site, and all structures are provided with proper subsurface drainage measures, the potential for a landslide to occur at this site should be considered very low. 4.3 Seismic According to the City of Edmonds Municipal Code 23.80.020, the City of Edmonds defines seismic hazard areas as, "In addition to liquefaction -prone areas described in subsection 2 above, seismic hazard areas are the following: a. Areas of the City subject to ground shaking from seismic hazards that are addressed by the Building Code (SMC Title 22). b. The Seattle Fault zone as delineated in Troost et al., 2005, The geologic map of Seattle, a progress report, U.S. Geological Survey, Open -file report 2005-1252 or as the Director Ages Engineering, LLC Page 5 253-845-7000 determines is more accurately mapped by the U.S Geological Survey, as set out in a Director's Rule." The site is located north of the Seattle Fault zone. The site is located in an area underlain with medium dense to dense compact glacially consolidated soils. Liquefaction can be described as a phenomenon where there is a reduction or complete loss of soil strength due to an increase in pore water pressure. The increase in water pressure is typically induced by vibrations. Liquefaction mainly affects geologically recent deposits of loose, fine- grained sands that are below the groundwater table. Based on the relative density, medium -grained sand and silt content of the soils underlying the site, and the lack of groundwater the risk for liquefaction to occur at the site should be considered negligible. The state of Washington has adopted the International Building Code (IBC). Based on the soil conditions encountered and the local geology, per the (IBC) site class "D" can be used in structural design. This is based on the inferred range of SPT (Standard Penetration Test) blow counts for the upper 100 feet of the site relative to hand excavation progress and probing with a %2-inch diameter steel probe rod. The presence of glacially consolidated soil conditions were assumed to be representative for the site conditions beyond the depths explored. 4.4 Erosion According to the City of Edmonds Municipal Code 23.80.020, defines an Erosion Hazard Area as "those areas identified by the U.S. Department of Agriculture's Natural Resources Conservation Service as having a "moderate to severe," "severe," or "very severe" rill and inter -rill erosion hazard. Erosion hazard areas are also those areas impacted by shoreland and/or stream bank erosion. Within the city of Edmonds erosion hazard areas include: Those areas of the city of Edmonds containing soils that may experience severe to very severe erosion hazard. This group of soils includes, but is not limited to, the following when they occur on slopes of 15 percent or greater: a. Alderwood soils (15 to 25 percent slopes); b. Alderwood/Everett series (25 to 70 percent slopes); C. Everett series (15 to 25 percent slopes); 2. Coastal and stream erosion areas which are subject to the impacts from lateral erosion related to moving water such as stream channel migration and shoreline retreat; 3. Any area with slopes of 15 percent or greater and impermeable soils interbedded with granular soils and springs or ground water seepage; and 4. Areas with significant visible evidence of ground water seepage, and which also include existing landslide deposits regardless of slope. The site is mapped as Alderwood gravelly sandy loam (15 to 25 percent slopes) which has a moderate to severe potential for erosion when exposed. Based on the USDA classification of the Ages Engineering, LLC Page 6 253-845-7000 site, the sites' eastern slope area is classified as an erosion hazard area. No development is planned in the sloping eastern end of the site. Temporary Erosion and Sediment Control (TESL) measures must be in place prior to and maintained during construction activity at the site. In our opinion, the potential for erosion is not a limiting factor in site development. Erosion hazards can be mitigated by applying Best Management Practices (BMPs) outlined in the Washington State Department of EcoIogy's (Ecology) Stormwater Management Manual for Western Washington. TESC measures, in accordance with the City of Edmonds, must be in place prior to beginning construction on the site. 5.0 CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS 5.1 General Based on our study, in our opinion, soil and groundwater conditions at the site are suitable for the proposed development. The new retaining wall can be supported on the existing organic -free native site soils observed immediately below the ground surface, or on structural fill placed above these native soils. Our study indicates the native surface soils encountered at the site contain a relatively low percentage of fines (silt and clay -size particles) that will make them suitable to compact as structural fill in most weather conditions. Accordingly, the ability to use the soils from site excavations as structural fill will depend on their moisture content and the prevailing weather conditions at the time of construction. If grading activities are planned during the wet winter months, or the on -site soils become too wet to achieve adequate compaction, the owner should be prepared to import a wet -weather structural fill. The following sections provide detailed recommendations regarding these issues and other geotechnical design considerations. These recommendations should be incorporated into the final design drawings and construction specifications. 5.2 Slone Stability Analysis To verify the stability of the site before, during, and after the planned development, we performed a Slope Stability Analysis. The computer program WinStabl was used to determine the overall stability of the site in its current configuration and for both static and seismic conditions in the pre -development, during -development and the post -development configuration. The during - development model included a surcharge for the soil stockpile equivalent to 600 pounds per square foot (psf) over a 10-foot wide area. The Ultra -block wall was left off of the post - development model to show the stability of the site is maintained without the wall, and the wall is for the sole purpose of granting access to the structure. Additionally, the wall design includes a Slope Stability Analysis. Slope failure surfaces were analyzed using the Bishop Circular Method. All calculations were performed by the computer model WmStabl, which requires user input of the topographic Ages Engineering, LLC Page 7 253-845-7000 surface, soil strength properties, groundwater information, and other loads, including seismic and building loads. The surface data was provided by the topographic site plan, the King County ArcGIS Map, and our observations and measurements in the field. The soil parameters used in the analysis are interpreted, estimated, and/or assumed based on our visual observations, field and laboratory testing, empirical correlations, and experience with similar soil and groundwater conditions in the vicinity of the subject site. Once the parameters have been determined, the critical failure surfaces and associated factors of safety for the modeled slope and development conditions can be calculated. The critical surface is the surface or plane most likely along which the soil mass will slide. The factor of safety is the ratio of the sum of moments resisting movement over the sum of moments driving movements. Accordingly, a slope with a factor of safety less than 1.0 has more driving forces than resisting forces, while a factor of safety greater than 1.0 has more resisting forces than driving forces. Industry standard requires that the post -development site conditions have a factor of safety of 1.5 and 1.2 against failure for static and seismic conditions, respectively for the pre -development and post -development conditions. To analyze the stability of the site, we performed our analysis on the slopes observed extending through the center of the site. Based on our site observations, provided site topography, and encountered subsurface soil and groundwater conditions, we established both dry and saturated unit weight, isotropic strength intercept (cohesion), and isotropic strength angle (phi angle) for the various soil types. Ages Engineering assigned soil unit weight and strength parameters based on our experience, field explorations accomplished on this site, as well as index laboratory testing accomplished on this parcels and adjacent properties. Based on our review, we conclude the assumed values for the various soil types appear to fall well within the range of tabulated values in the literature, and in some instances, the values appear to be conservative. To accommodate the loose surface soils, we lowered many of the soil parameters to more conservative levels. The following table summarized our assigned soil strength properties. Estimated Properties of On -Site Soils Dry Unit Sat. Unit Isotropic Internal Soil Type Weight Weight Strength Strength (pcf) (pcfl Intercept Angle (psi) (degrees) Surface: Medium dense SAND 125 130 0 32 with silt and gravel Weathered Advance Outwash: Medium dense SAND with silt 125 130 100 34 and gravel Advance Outwash: Medium 130 135 500 35 dense SAND with silt and gravel Ages Engineering, LLC Page 8 253-845-7000 The site seismic stability conditions were analyzed by applying a horizontal acceleration equal to one-half of the appropriate peak ground acceleration. Based on current standard of practice, we used a design peak ground acceleration of 0.195g for the site. Table l summarizes soil properties, based on site explorations, "Geotechnical and Foundation Engineering, Design and Construction", by Robert W. Day, copyright 1999 by The McGraw Hill Companies Inc., and based on "Geotechnical Properties of Geologic Materials", by Koloski, Schwarz, and Tubbs, Washington Division of Geology and Earth Resources Bulletin 78, as presented in Volume 1, ENGINEERING GEOLOGY IN WASHINGTON. Using the Bishop Circular method, we generated several failure surfaces for the pre-, during- and post -development conditions using both the static and seismic loading conditions. Our analyses yielded the following safety factors: Calculated Factor of Safety Development Condition Factor of Safety Pre -Development (Static) 1.8 Post -Development (Static) 1.8 Post -Development (Seismic) 1.2 Graphical output of the WinStabl analysis, indicating the ten most critical failure planes and corresponding factors of safety for the static and seismic conditions of the pre -development, during -development, and the post -development models are included in Figures 4 through 6. 5.3 Development in Potential Landslide Hazard Areas According to the City of Edmonds Municipal Code 23.80.060 - General Requirements, "Alterations of geologically hazardous areas or associated buffers may only occur for activities that: 1. Will not increase the threat of the geological hazard to adjacent properties beyond predevelopment conditions; 2. Will not adversely impact other critical areas; 3. Are designed so that the hazard to the project is eliminated or mitigated to a level equal to or less than predevelopment conditions; and 4. Are certified as safe as designed and under anticipated conditions by a qualified engineer or geologist, licensed in the state of Washington." Additionally, According to the City of Edmonds Municipal Code 23.80.070 - Development Standards, "Erosion and Landslide Hazard Areas. Activities on sites containing erosion or Ages Engineering, LLC Page 9 253-845-7000 landslide hazards shall meet the requirements of ECDC 23.80.060, Development standards — General requirements, and the specific following requirements: Minimum Building Setback. The minimum setback shall be the distance required to ensure the proposed structure will not be at risk from landslides for the life of the structure, considered to be 120 years, and will not cause an increased risk of landslides taking place on or off the site. A setback shall be established from all edges of landslide hazard areas. The size of the setback shall be determined by the director consistent with recommendations provided in the geotechnical report to eliminate or minimize the risk of property damage, death, or injury resulting from landslides caused in whole or part by the development, based upon review of and concurrence with a critical areas report prepared by a qualified professional; 2. Buffer Requirements. A buffer may be established with specific requirements and limitations, including but not limited to, drainage, grading, irrigation, and vegetation. Buffer requirements shall be determined by the director consistent with recommendations provided in the geotechnical report to eliminate or minimize the risk of property damage, death, or injury resulting from landslides caused in whole or part by activities within the buffer area, based upon review of and concurrence with a critical areas report prepared by a qualified professional; 3. Alterations. Alterations of an erosion or landslide hazard area, minimum building setback and/or buffer may only occur for activities for which a hazards analysis is submitted and certifies that: a. The alteration will not increase surface water discharge or sedimentation to adjacent properties beyond predevelopment conditions; b. The alteration will not decrease slope stability on adjacent properties; and c. Such alterations will not adversely impact other critical areas; 4. Design Standards within Erosion and Landslide Hazard Areas. Development within an erosion or landslide hazard area and/or buffer shall be designed to meet the following basic requirements unless it can be demonstrated that an alternative design that deviates from one or more of these standards provides greater long-term slope stability while meeting all other provisions of this title. The requirement for long-term slope stability shall exclude designs that require regular and periodic maintenance to maintain their level of function. The basic development design standards are: a. The proposed development shall not decrease the factor of safety for landslide occurrences below the limits of 1.5 for static conditions and 1.2 for dynamic conditions. If stability at the proposed development site is below these limits, the proposed development shall provide practicable approaches to reduce risk to human safety and improve the factor of safety for landsliding. In no case shall the existing factor of safety be reduced for the subject property or adjacent properties; b. Structures and improvements shall be clustered to avoid geologically hazardous areas and other critical areas; Ages Engineering, LLC Page 10 253-845-7000 c. Structures and improvements shall minimize alterations to the natural contour of the slope, and foundations shall be tiered where possible to conform to existing topography; d. Structures and improvements shall be located to preserve the most critical portion of the site and its natural landforms and vegetation; e. The proposed development shall not result in greater risk or a need for increased buffers on neighboring properties; f. The use of retaining walls that allow the maintenance of existing natural slope area is preferred over graded artificial slopes; and g. Development shall be designed to minimize impervious lot coverage; Vegetation Retention. Unless otherwise provided or as part of an approved alteration, removal of vegetation from an erosion or landslide hazard area or related buffer shall be prohibited; 6. Seasonal Restriction. Clearing shall be allowed only from May 1 st to October I st of each year; provided, that the director may extend or shorten the dry season on a case -by -case basis depending on actual weather conditions, except that timber harvest, not including brush clearing or stump removal, may be allowed pursuant to an approved forest practice permit issued by the city of Edmonds or the Washington State Department of Natural Resources; 7. Point Discharges. Point discharges from surface water facilities and roof drains onto or upstream from an erosion or landslide hazard area shall be prohibited except as follows: a. Conveyed via continuous storm pipe downslope to a point where there are no erosion hazard areas downstream from the discharge; b. Discharged at flow durations matching predeveloped conditions, with adequate energy dissipation, into existing channels that previously conveyed storm water runoff in the predeveloped state; or c. Dispersed discharge upslope of the steep slope onto a low -gradient, undisturbed buffer demonstrated to be adequate to infiltrate all surface and storm water runoff, and where it can be demonstrated that such discharge will not increase the saturation of the slope; and 8. Prohibited Development. On -site sewage disposal systems, including drain fields, shall be prohibited within erosion and landslide hazard areas and related buffers." Alterations, Based on our evaluation, the planned retaining wall replacement will not increase the threat of the geological hazard to adjacent properties beyond predevelopment conditions. The pre - development condition consisted of an old wooden retaining wall that was rotted and falling over. The new retaining wall will consist of the CornerStone Retaining Wall System, constructed with adequate factors of safety that will render it more stable than the previous rooted wooden wall. Based on the new wall being more stable than the wall that previously occupied the area, the new development will not increase the threat of the geological hazard to adjacent properties beyond predevelopment conditions. Ages Engineering, LLC Page Lt 253-845-7000 Based on our evaluation, it is our opinion, the new development will not adversely impact other critical areas. Based on our site evaluation, there are no other critical areas on or immediately adjacent the construction area. Based on their being no other critical areas on or immediately adjacent the building area, the new development will not adversely impact other critical areas. Based on our evaluation, it is our opinion, the new development is designed so that the hazard to the project is mitigated to a level equal to or less than predevelopment conditions. The pre - development condition consisted of an old wooden retaining wall that was rotted and falling over. The new retaining wall will consist of the ComerStone Retaining Wall System, constructed with adequate factors of safety that will render it more stable than the previous rooted wooden wall. Based on the new wall being more stable than the wall that previously occupied the area, the new development is designed so that the hazard to the project is mitigated to a level equal to or less than predevelopment conditions. Based on our evaluation, it is our opinion, as a qualified engineer, licensed in the state of Washington, the new development is safe as designed and under anticipated conditions. Specific Hazards, Since the new development consists of the replacement of an old rotted failing wooden retaining wall with a segmental block wall along the toe of a potential landslide hazard area, the minimum setback and buffer must be reduced to zero. If the old failing wall is to be replaced, it should be replaced with a better wall in approximately the same location. In this manner, we can assure an increase in site stability due to the new development. Based on our evaluation, it is our opinion, the alteration will not increase surface water discharge or sedimentation to adjacent properties beyond predevelopment conditions. The old wall allowed sheet flow over the top of the wall that eventually flowed into the roadside swale adjacent the site. The new wall will have a wall drain that will discharge to a stabilized location in the existing roadside Swale adjacent the site. The surface water discharge will be the same in post development as it was in pre -development. The sedimentation will also be the same. Based on our evaluation, it is our opinion the alteration will not decrease slope stability on adjacent properties. According to the slope stability analysis provided in the previous section of this report, Based on our evaluation, it is our opinion, the new development will not adversely impact other critical areas. Based on our site evaluation, there are no other critical areas on or immediately adjacent the construction area. Based on their being no other critical areas on or immediately adjacent the building area, the new development will not adversely impact other critical areas. 5.4 Site Preparation and Gradin To prepare the site for construction, all vegetation, organic surface soils, and other deleterious materials including any existing structures, foundations or abandoned utility lines should be stripped and removed from the new development areas. Organic topsoil will not be suitable for use as structural fill but may be used for limited depths in non-structural areas. Ages Engineering, LLC Page 12 253-845-7000 Once clearing and stripping operations are complete, cut and fill operations can be initiated to establish desired grades. In order to achieve proper compaction of structural fill, and to provide adequate foundation and floor slab support, the native subgrade must be in a stable condition. Prior to placing structural fill, and to prepare the foundation subgrade, all exposed surfaces should be compacted with heavy vibratory compaction equipment to determine if any isolated soft and yielding areas are present. If excessively soft or yielding areas are present, and cannot be stabilized in place by compaction, they should be cut to firm bearing soil and filled to grade with structural fill. If the depth to remove the unsuitable soil is excessive, using a geotextile fabric can be considered, such as Mirafi HP270 or an approved equivalent, in conjunction with structural fill. In general, a minimum of 1 S-inches of clean, granular structural fill over the geotextile fabric should establish a stable bearing surface. A representative of Ages Engineering, LLC should observe the foundation subgrade compaction operations to verify that stable subgrades are achieved for support of structural elements. Our study indicates the native surface soils encountered at the site contain a sufficient enough percentage of fines (silt and clay -size particles) that will make them difficult to compact as structural fill when too wet. Accordingly, the ability to use the soils from site excavations as structural fill will depend on their moisture content and the prevailing weather conditions at the time of construction. If grading activities are planned during the wet winter months, or the on - site soils become too wet to achieve adequate compaction, the owner should be prepared to import a wet -weather structural fill. For wet weather structural fill, we recommend importing a granular soil that meets the following gradation requirements: U. S. Sieve Size Percent Passing 6 inches 100 No. 4 75 maximum No. 200 5 maximum* * Based on the'/a inch fraction Prior to use, Ages Engineering, LLC should examine and test all materials to be imported to the site for use as structural fill. Structural fill should be placed in uniform loose layers not exceeding 12 inches and compacted to a minimum of 95 percent of the soils' laboratory maximum dry density as determined by American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM) Test Designation D-1557 (Modified Proctor). The moisture content of the soil at the time of compaction should be within two percent of its optimum, as determined by this same ASTM standard. In non-structural areas, the degree of compaction can be reduced to 90 percent. Ages Engineering, LLC Page 13 253-845-7000 5.5 Excavations General, The inclination for a safe and stable excavation slope cut is determined based on two factors, the current Washington State Safety and Health Administration (WSHA) regulations for confined spaces and global stability of the slope cut. Most often, the WSHA regulations are more conservative than the global stability requirements. According to WAC 296-809-099, a confined space is defined as: "A space that is all of the following: (a) Large enough and arranged so an employee could fully enter the space and work. (b) Has limited or restricted entry or exit. Examples of spaces with limited or restricted entry are tanks, vessels, silos, storage bins, hoppers, vaults, excavations, and pits. (c) Not primarily designed for human occupancy." In the context of site excavation and grading, the Washington State Department of Labor and Industries considers a confined space as a space in which a worker enters an excavation that is tall enough and/or narrow enough to inundate the worker and cause bodily harm if a cave-in occurs. This does not include excavations that are less than 4.0 feet in depth. WSHA Approved Slopes, All excavations at the site associated with confined spaces, such as utility trenches and lower level building and retaining walls, must be completed in accordance with local, state, and/or federal requirements. Based on current Washington State Safety and Health Administration (WSHA) regulations, the existing near -surface loose medium dense old fill soils and the medium dense Advance Outwash soils would be classified as Type C soils. The deeper dense native sand with silt and trace gravel soils would be classified as Type B soils. According to WSHA, for temporary excavations of less than 20 feet in depth, the side slopes in Type C soils should be laid back at a slope inclination of 1.5:1 (Horizontal:Vertical) or flatter from the toe to the crest of the slope and the side slopes in Type B soils should be laid back at a slope inclination of 1:1 (Horizontal:Vertical) or flatter from the toe to the crest of the slope. All exposed slope faces should be covered with a durable reinforced plastic membrane during construction to prevent slope raveling and rutting during periods of precipitation. These guidelines assume that all surface loads are kept at a minimum distance of at least one half the depth of the cut away from the top of the excavation slope and that significant seepage is not present on the slope face. Flatter cut slopes will be necessary where significant raveling or seepage occurs, or if construction materials will be stockpiled along the slope crest. If these safe temporary slope inclinations cannot be achieved due to property line constraints, shoring may be necessary. This information is provided solely for the benefit of the owner and other design consultants and should not be construed to imply that Ages Engineering, LLC assumes responsibility for job site safety. It is understood that job site safety is the sole responsibility of the project contractor. Ages Engineering, LLC Page 14 253-845-7000 Non-W.SM Approved .Slopes, Based on the composition and consistency of the site soils, stable slope cuts to provide adequate global stability can be steeper than WSHA standards in areas that are not considered confined spaces. Excavations into the native site soils that will not result in WSHA regulated confined spaces can be cut to an inclination of 0.5:1. Some raveling of the gravel and cobbles exposed on the slope surface may occur at an inclination of 0.5:1. Due to the potential for raveling to occur, and to prevent erosion, the slope face should be covered with durable plastic sheeting. This information is provided solely for the benefit of the owner and other design consultants and should not be construed to imply that Ages Engineering, LLC assumes responsibility for job site safety. It is understood that job site safety is the sole responsibility of the project contractor. 5.6 ComerStone® Retainine Wall The new wall will consist of the ComerStone® Retaining Wall System. The wall will be constructed along the east side of the driveway to the existing residence on the site. The new retaining wall will support the native Advance Outwash soils exposed in the cut slope along the east side of the driveway to the existing residence on the site. The new retaining wall should be constructed according to the manufacturers' specifications and the recommendations provided in this report. We recommend the following be incorporated into the construction of the wall: • We recommend using the ComerStone® F 100 and/or ComerStone® F200 blocks. • The wall batter should be in accordance with the ComerStone® Wall Solutions system. • The walls should have maximum total heights of no more than those provided in this report. • If a cap block is used, it must be entirely above ground and as such will not be considered in the total height of the wall. • A minimum of 6 inches (0.75 full blocks) of toe embedment is necessary for erosion protection and stability purposes. • A 4 to 6-inch thick layer of crushed rock can be placed along the wall subgrade to provide a leveling course if desired, but is not necessary. • The soil used in the backfill zone must consist of structural fill as described in the Site Preparation and Grading section of this report. The native soils can be used as structural fill in most weather conditions. • A drainage layer consisting of 7/8 to 1 1/4 inch clean crushed rock or drain rock with a minimum horizontal thickness of 12 inches should be placed behind the blocks and up to the top of the wall, or to within 12 inches of the top of the wall. • A layer of separation fabric can be placed over the top of the 12-inch wide drainage zone. No other separation fabric should be used. • The upper 12 inches of fill may contain organic -laced soil. • The wall drain should outfall at the low point in the center or at the end of the wall, or through the base of the wall at a convenient location (1 block above the base block) and discharge into the sites' storm water system catch basin located to the southeast of the wall. Ages Engineering, LLC Page 15 253-845-7000 Wall Design, The ComerStone® F 100 blocks require geogrid reinforcement for any wall that exceeds 4.5 feet (7 Blocks) in total height. The ComerStone® F200 blocks require geogrid reinforcement for any wall that exceeds 6.50 feet (10 Blocks) in total height. Based on our examination of the cut slope on the site, it appears the wall may have a maximum total height of 4.00 feet and therefore the FIN blocks can be used. If the wall exceeds 4.5 feet in total height, the F200 blocks must be used. The tallest portion of the wall will be along the northern end where it meets the existing concrete retaining wall. Based on these expected loading conditions, we performed calculations for all these expected wall heights and are providing calculations for the tallest wall section that can support the ComerStone® F l 00 blocks and the tallest section that can support the ComerStone® F200 blocks. The wall calculations were performed using the ComerStone® Wall Solutions software and are provided in Appendix B of the report. Wall Drainage, To guard against hydrostatic pressure development, drainage must be installed behind the wall. We recommend that wall drainage consist of a minimum 12 inches of clean 7/8 to 1 '/4 inch clean crushed rock or drain rock with less than three percent fines placed against the back of the wall. In addition, a drainage collector system consisting of 4-inch perforated PVC pipe should be placed behind the wall to provide an outlet for any accumulated water. The drain should be provided with a vertical cleanout at each end of the wall alignment. These cleanouts should be serviced at least once every year. The wall drainage material can be capped at the ground surface with 1-foot of relatively impermeable soil to prevent surface intrusion into the drainage zone. The wall drain should outfall at the low point at the end of the wall and discharge to a stabilized area on the ground surface, or to the site storm water system. 5.7 Permanent Slopes and Embankments All permanent cut and fill slopes should be graded with a finished inclination of no greater than 2:1 (Horizontal:Vertical). Upon completion of grading, the slope face should be appropriately vegetated or provided with other physical means to guard against erosion. Final grades at the top of the slope must promote surface drainage away from the slope crest. Water must not be allowed to flow in an uncontrolled fashion over the slope face. If it is necessary to direct surface runoff towards the slope, it should be controlled at the top of the slope, piped in a closed conduit installed on the slope face, and taken to an appropriate point of discharge beyond the toe. All fill used for slope and embankment construction should meet the structural fill requirements described in the Site Preparation and Grading section of this report. In addition, if new fills will be placed over existing slopes of 20 percent or greater, the structural fill should be keyed and benched into competent slope soils. Ages Engineering, LLC Page 16 253-845-7000 6.0 ADDITIONAL SERVICES Ages Engineering, LLC should review the final project designs and specifications in order to verify that earthwork and foundation recommendations have been properly interpreted and incorporated into project design. If changes are made in the loads, grades, locations, configura- tions or types of facilities to be constructed, the conclusions and recommendations presented in this report may not be fully applicable. If such changes are made, we should be given the opportunity to review our recommendations and provide written modifications or verifications, as necessary. We should also provide geotechnical services during construction to observe compliance with our design concepts, specifications, and recommendations. This will allow for expedient design changes if subsurface conditions differ from those anticipated prior to the start of construction. 7.0 LIMITATIONS We prepared this report in accordance with generally accepted geotechnical engineering practices. No other warranty, expressed or implied, is made. This report is the copyrighted property of Ages Engineering, LLC and is intended for the exclusive use of Mr. Brett Buehler and his authorized representatives for use in the design, permitting, and construction portions of this project. The analysis and recommendations presented in this report are based on data obtained from others and our site explorations, and should not be construed as a warranty of the subsurface conditions. Variations in subsurface conditions are possible. The nature and extent of which may not become evident until the time of construction. If variations appear evident, Ages Engineering, LLC should be requested to reevaluate the recommendations in this report prior to proceeding with construction. A contingency for unanticipated subsurface conditions should be included in the budget and schedule. Sufficient monitoring, testing and consultation should be provided by our firm during construction to confirm that the conditions encountered are consistent with those indicated during our exploration, to provide recommendations for design changes should the conditions revealed during the work differ from those anticipated, and to evaluate whether earthwork and foundation installation activities comply with contract plans and specifications. The scope of our services does not include services related to environmental remediation and construction safety precautions. Our recommendations are not intended to direct the contractor's methods, techniques, sequences or procedures, except as specifically described in our report for consideration in design. Ages Engineering, LLC Page 17 253-845-7000 Lynnwood I Approximate Site Location 0 Ages Engineering, LLC P. O. Box 935 Puyallup, WA. 98371 Main (253) 845-7000 www.agesengineering.com r� I r I r t Mill Creek i I I Dk'rtl l ('r'aek Phrk Site Vicinity Map Meadowdale Road Residential 16216 N. Meadowdale Road Edmonds, Washington Project No.: A-1479-1 February 2020 Figure 1 00643-9 1i 0 Gu6aG5uGGGG&Gi KEY: APPROXIMATE LOCATION OF TEST HOLE TH-1 Ages Engineering, LLC P. O. Box 935 Puyallup. WA. 98371 Main (253)845-7000 www.agesenginecring.com Exploration Location Plan Meadowdale Road Residential 16216 N. Meadowdale Road Edmonds, Washington Project No.: A-1479-1 1 February 2020 1 Figure 2 Approximate Site Location Ages Engineering, LLC P. O. Box 935 Puyallup, WA. 98371 Main (253) 845-7000 www.agesengineering.com Geologic Map Meadowdale Road Residential 16216 N. Meadowdale Road Edmonds, Washington Problem 16216 N Meadowdale Road - FS Min- Bishop = 1 853 S.ft Ca —wn Fmfi- u uqr _ s0 loan 340 ,� S000 ls.o ��c.err 5whu 12 SmMe2 t e 5„nauee 3 i,, Swucea 10 Sn11ce 2 it 10 �— 5urlece 8 -�—Sur/ett9 �S�rlace 10 � 50 ee 154 '0 •C 20 t; 10 .IS �C -0 t_ .t0C IG I. 20 __ 20 .i 10 a- SC -_ SO :. '0 ]. U L. 90 91 100 IGS 110 IIS 120 125 I''0 US 140 la' 150 1SS 160 16'. 170 175 IN IV IN 19S 200 201- 210 215 2220 225 230 ,SC .Feet. Ages Engineering, LLC Slope Stability Analysis — Static P. o. Box 935 Meadowdale Road Residential Puyallup, WA. 98371 16216 N. Meadowdale Road Main (253) 845-7000 Edmonds, Washington www.agesengineering.com Project No.: A4479-1 February 2020 Figure 4 Problem 16216 N Meadowdale Road - FS Min- Bishop = 1 208 M,y 32 1 two 3.a sw a 35 01 '2 SWII-2 tt Swb..3 S.I.. 5.f_ S S mace S.H_ to 90 as 70 f5f 50 4� 40 ?P ie 2E 10 .10 -1. 2C 2-- 2C -lE _101 3 10 to ZI) 2. 20 3! -C fC Ef 6C SE 70 aC 2! 9C 9! IOC 10! IIC IIE t.1 12E IaC la5 113 W M IS: 160 165 170 1?5 150 M IN 195 200 205 210 21E 220 22s 230 Ages Engineering, LLC Slope Stability Analysis — Seismic P. O. Box 935 Meadowdale Road Residential Puyallup, WA. 98371 16216 N. Meadowdale Road Main (253) 845-7000 Edmonds, Washington www.agesenginee6n.com Project N February A- 14 79-1 2020Figure 5 APPENDIX A FIELD EXPLORATION AND LABORATORY TESTING Meadowdale Road Residential Edmonds, Washington On February 22, 2019 we explored subsurface conditions at the site by excavating two hand -augured test holes to a maximum depth of 10.0 feet below surface grades. This depth equates to a depth of 3.0 feet below the bottom of the planned retaining wall. The approximate test hole locations are shown on the Exploration Location Plan provided in Figure 2. A geotechnical engineering representative from our office conducted the field exploration, maintained a log of each test hole and, classified the soils encountered, collected representative soil samples, and observed pertinent site features. All soil samples were visually classified in accordance with the Unified Soil Classification System (USCS) described on Figure A-1. The test hole logs are presented on Figure A-2. Representative soil samples obtained from the test holes were placed in sealed containers and taken to our laboratory for further examination and testing. The moisture content of each sample was measured and is reported on the test hole logs. Project No. A-1479-1 UNIFIED SOIL CLASSIFICATION SYSTEM MAJOR DIVISIONS GROUP SYMBOL GROUP NAME GRAVEL GW Well -Graded GRAVEL WITH GRAVEL < 5 % FINES GP Poorly -Graded GRAVEL GRAVEL GW-GM Well -Graded GRAVEL with silt GW-GC Well -Graded GRAVEL with clay WITH BETWEEN GP -GM Poorly -Graded GRAVEL with silt COARSE More than 50% Of Coarse Fraction Retained on 5 AND 15 % FINES GP -GC Poorly -Graded GRAVEL with clay GRAINED No. 4 Sieve GRAVEL GM Silty GRAVEL SOILS WITH > 15 % FINES GC Clayey GRAVEL SAND SW Well -Graded SAND WITH SP Poorly -Graded SAND More than 50% Retained on SAND < 5 % FINES No. 200 Sieve SAND SW-SM Well -Graded SAND with silt SW -SC Well -Graded SAND with clay WITH More than 50% Of Coarse Fraction Passes BETWEEN 5 AND 15 % FINES SP-SM Poorly -Graded SAND with silt SP-SC Poorly -Graded SAND with clay No. 4 Sieve SAND SM Silty SAND WITH > 15 % FINES SC Clayey SAND FINE ML Inorganic SILT with low plasticity CL Lean inorganic CLAY with low plasticity GRAINED Liquid Limit Less than 50 OL Organic SILT with low plasticity SOILS SILT AND CLAY MH Elastic inorganic SILT with moderate to high plasticity More than 50% Passes Liquid Limit 50 or more CH Fat inorganic CLAY with moderate to high plasticity Organic SILT or CLAY with moderate to high plasticity No. 200 Sieve HIGHLY ORGANIC SOILS PT PEAT NOTES (1) Soil descriptions are based on visual field and laboratory observations using the classification methods described in ASTM D-2488. Where laboratory data are available, classifications are in accordance with ASTM D-2487. (2) Solid lines between soil descriptions indicate a change in the interpreted geologic unit. Dashed lines indicate stratigraphic change within the unit. (3) Fines are material passing the U.S. No. 200 Sieve. Ages Engineering, LLC P. O. Box 935 Puyallup, WA. 98371 Main (253) 845-7000 www.agesengineering.com Unified Soil Classification System (USCS) Meadowdale Road Residential 16216 N. Meadowdale Road Edmonds, Washington Ages Engineering, LLC Test Hole TH-1 P.O. Box 935 Puyallup, WA. 98371 Office (253) 845-7000 DATE: February 22, 2019 LCXiGFD BY: BPK ELEv: Depth Soil Description Notes (feet) M% Other 0 Tan SAND with silt, medium dense, moist. (SP-SM) 5 -1Tannish -gray SAND with silt, slight cementation, medium dense, moist. (SP-SM) (Weathered Advance Outwash) Test hole terminated at 7.0 feet below surface grades. No groundwater seepage encountered. Test Hole TH-2 DAre: February 22, 2019 LOGGED BY: BPK ELEV Depth Soil Description Notes (feet) M% I Other 0 Tan SAND with silt, medium dense, moist. (SP-SM) 5 -1Tannish -gray SAND with silt, trace gravel, slight cementation, medium dense, moist. (SP-SM1) (Weathered Advance Outwash) 10 Gray SAND with silt, trace gravel, slight cementation, dense, moist. (SP-SM) (Advance Outwash) Test hole terminated at 10.0 feet below surface grades. No groundwater seepage encountered. FIGURE A-2 Project Number: A-1479-1 APPENDIX B CORNERSTONE® RETAINING WALL SYSTEM Meadowdale Road Residential Edmonds, Washington We used the ComerStoneg Wall Solutions design software to design the ComerStone® retaining wall planned on the subject site. The ComerStone® Wall Solutions design software requires user input of the topographic surface, soil strength properties, groundwater information, and other loads, including seismic and building loads. The surface data was provided by the King County ArcGIS Map, and our observations and measurements in the field. The soil parameters used in the analysis are interpreted, estimated, and/or assumed based on the visual observations, field and laboratory testing, empirical correlations, and experience with similar soil and groundwater conditions in the vicinity of the subject site. Once the parameters have been determined, the critical failure surfaces and associated factors of safety for the modeled wall configuration are calculated. The critical surface is the surface or plane most likely along which the soil mass will slide. The factor of safety is the ratio of the sum of moments resisting movement over the sum of moments driving movements. Accordingly, a wall design with a factor of safety less than 1.0 has more driving forces than resisting forces, while a factor of safety greater than 1.0 has more resisting forces than driving forces. Industry standard requires that the wall have a factor of safety of 1.5 against sliding and 1.5 against overturning. A factor of safety of at least 1.2 is required for seismic conditions. Project No. A-1479-1 CORNERSTONE REA Analysis Project: Meadowdale Road Residential Location: Site Location Designer: Ages Engineering Date: 2/29/2020 Section: Section 1 Design Method: NCMA_09_3rd_Ed, Ignore Vert. Force Design Unit: Cornerstone 200 SOIL PARAMETERS cp coh y Retained Soil: 35 deg 50 psf 125 pcf Foundation Soil: 36 deg 100 psf 130 pcf Leveling Pad: Crushed Stone GEOMETRY Design Height: 4.50 ft Live Load: 0 psf Wall Batter[Tilt: 4.50/ 0.00 deg Live Load Offset: 0.00 ft Embedment: 0.50 ft Live Load Width: 0 ft Leveling Pad Depth: 0.00 ft Dead Load: 0 psf Slope Angle: 0.0 deg Dead Load Offset: 0.0 ft Slope Length: 0.0 ft Dead Load Width: 0 ft Slope Toe Offset: 0.0 ft Leveling Pad Width: 1.00 ft Vertical b on Single Depth FACTORS OF SAFETY Sliding: 1.50 Overturning: 1.50 Bearing: 2.00 Cornerstone Analysis and Design 5.0.19106 vuCORNERSTONE . �-.- .DESIGNER RESULTS FoS Sliding: 2.49 (fnd) Bearing: 1152.02 FoS Overturning: 1.59 FoS Bearing: 8.07 Name Elev.[dpth] ka Pa Paq Paqd (PaC) PaT FSsI(Ivl Pd) FoS OT %D/H CS10 4.00[0.50] 0.214 3 0 0 12� 0 — 10.00 150% CS10 3.33[l.17] 0.214 18 0 0 27 0 - 10.00 86% CS10 2.67[l.83] 0.214 45 0 0 42 3 -- 92.45 55% CS10 2.00[2.50] 0.214 84 0 0 58 26 12.24 9.30 40% CS10 1.33[3.17] 0.214 134 0 0 73 61 30.20 4.06 32% CS10 0.67[3.83] 0.214 196 0 0 89 108 18.32 2.37 26% CS10 0.00[4.50] 0.214 271 0 0 104 167 2.49 (2.49) 1.59 22% Column Descriptions: ka: active earth pressure coefficient Pa: active earth pressure Paq: live surcharge earth pressure Paqd: dead surcharge earth pressure (PaC): reduction in load due to cohesion PaT: sum of all earth pressures FSsl(lvl Pad): factor of safety for sliding at each layer. (FS sliding below the leveling pad) FSot: factor of safety of overturning about the toe. %D/H: ratio of based depth to height (warning for narrow walls, < 35%) CornerStone Analysis and Design 5.0.19106 2 7 CORNERSTONE "..L WAL DESIGNER REA Analysis Project: Meadowdale Road Residential Location: Site Location Designer: Ages Engineering Date: 2/29/2020 Section: Section 1 Design Method: NCMA_09_3rd_Ed, Ignore Vert. Force Design Unit: Cornerstone 200 SOIL PARAMETERS cp coh y Retained Soil: 35 deg 50 psf 125 pcf Foundation Soil: 36 deg 100 psf 130 pcf Leveling Pad: Crushed Stone GEOMETRY Design Height: 6.50 ft Wall Batter/Tilt: 4.50/ 0.00 deg Embedment: 0.50 ft Leveling Pad Depth: 0.00 ft Slope Angle: 0.0 deg Slope Length: 0.0 ft Slope Toe Offset: 0.0 ft Vertical 6 on Single Depth FACTORS OF SAFETY Sliding: 1.50 Bearing: 2.00 Live Load: 0 psf Live Load Offset: 0.00 ft Live Load Width: 0 ft Dead Load: 0 psf Dead Load Offset: 0.0 ft Dead Load Width: 0 ft Leveling Pad Width: 1.83 ft Overturning: 1.50 CornerStone Analysis and Design 5.0,19106 L a CORNERSTONE MIER7t"' W A L L D E S I G N E R CS20 � CS20 CS20 <; CS20 RESULTS CS20 FoS Sliding: 2.41 (fnd) FoS Overturning: 2.03 1 83 Bearing: 1254.97 FoS Bearing: 9.39 Name Elev.[dpth] ka Pa Paq Paqd (PaC) PaT FSsI(Ivl Pd) FoS OT %D/H CS20 6.00[0.50] 0.214 3 0 0 12 0 — 10.00 275% CS20 5.33[1.17] 0.214 18 0 0 27 0 - 10.00 157% CS20 4.67[1.83] 0.214 45 0 0 42 3 100% C320 4.00[2.501 0.214 84 0 0 58 26 18.95 29.34 73% CS20 3.33[3.17] 0.214 134 0 0 73 61 9.58 12.57 58% CS20 2.67[3.83] 0.214 196 0 0 89 108 6.28 7.21 48% CS20 2.00[4.50] 0.214 271 0 0 104 167 4.63 4.75 41 % CS20 1.33[5.17] 0.214 357 0 0 119 237 3.65 3.40 35% CS20 0.67[5.83] 0.214 455 0 0 135 320 7.19 2.57 31 % CS20 0.00[6.50] 0.214 565 0 0 150 414 2.41 (2.41) 2.03 28% Column Descriptions: ka: active earth pressure coefficient Pa: active earth pressure Paq: live surcharge earth pressure Paqd: dead surcharge earth pressure (PaC): reduction in load due to cohesion PaT: sum of all earth pressures FSsI(Ivl Pad): factor of safety for sliding at each layer. (FS sliding below the leveling pad) FSot: factor of safety of overturning about the toe. %D/H: ratio of based depth to height (warning for narrow walls, < 35%) CornerStone Analysis and Design 5.0.19106 2