Final Edm Stream Determination TM 12-13-11.pdf14 LANDAU
ASSOCIATES
TECHNICALMEMORANDUM ENMONMENIAL I GEOIECHNCAL I NAIURX RESOURCES
TO: Michael Clugston, AICP; Associate Planner, City of Edmonds
FROM: Steven Quarterma�dau Associates
DATE: December 13, 2011
RE: STREAM DETERMINATION FOR AREA BOUNDED BY 7T" AVENUE SOUTH, 8'
AVENUE SOUTH, HEMLOCK STREET, AND LAUREL STREET
EDMONDS, WASHINGTON
INTRODUCTION
The City of Edmonds (City) has determined that a potential stream (i.e., critical area) may exist
within the area bounded by 7'h Avenue South, 80' Avenue South, Hemlock Street, and Laurel Street in
Edmonds, Washington (project area; Figure 1). Streams are included as a "critical area" pursuant to
Chapter 23 of the Edmonds Municipal Code (EMC; City of Edmonds 2011). Inconsistent critical area
determinations have been completed on various properties in the project area. Landau Associates
conducted an investigation to assist the City with assessment of the potential stream within the project
area. A summary of the site review is included below.
BACKGROUND
Chapter 23.90.010 of the EMC includes definition of streams, which "...include those areas
where surface waters produce a defined channel or bed which demonstrates clear evidence, such as the
sorting of sediments, of the passage of water. The channel or bed need not contain water year-round.
Streams shall be classified in accordance with the Washington Department of Natural Resources water
typing system (WAC 222-16-030) hereby adopted in its entirety by reference and summarized as follows:
a. Type S: streams inventoried as `shorelines of the state' under Chapter 90.58 RCW and the
rules promulgated pursuant to Chapter 90.58 RCW
b. Type F: streams which contain fish habitat
c. Type Np: perennial nonfish habitat streams
d. Type Ns: seasonal nonfish habitat streams."
130 2n" Avenue South 9 Edmonds, WA 98020 • (425) 778-0907 9 fax (425) 778-6409 9 www.landauinc.com
WAC 222-16-030 identifies fish habitat as "...habitat which is used by any fish at any life stage
at any time of the year, including potential habitat likely to be used by fish which could be recovered by
restoration or management and includes off -channel habitat."
According to WAC 222-16-030, the Interim Water Typing System established in
WAC 222-16-031 is to be used until the "fish habitat water typing maps" are adopted by the state forest
practices board. The full text of the interim water typing system is included in Attachment A for
reference, and provides water types summarized as follows:
• "Type 1 Water" means all waters, within their ordinary high-water mark, as
inventoried as "shorelines of the state" under Chapter 90.58 RCW and the rules
promulgated pursuant to Chapter 90.58 RCW, but not including those waters'
associated wetlands as defined in Chapter 90.58 RCW.
• "Type 2 Water" means segments of natural waters which are not classified as Type 1
Water and have a high fish, wildlife, or human use. These are segments of natural
waters and periodically inundated areas of their associated wetlands.
• "Type 3 Water" means segments of natural waters which are not classified as Type 1
or 2 Waters and have a moderate to slight fish, wildlife, or human use. These are
segments of natural waters and periodically inundated areas of their associated
wetlands.
• "Type 4 Water" means all segments of natural waters within the bankfull width of
defined channels that are perennial nonfish habitat streams. Perennial streams are
flowing waters that do not go dry any time of a year of normal rainfall and include the
intermittent dry portions of the perennial channel below the uppermost point of
perennial flow.
• "Type 5 Waters" means all segments of natural waters within the bankfull width of
the defined channels that are not Type 1, 2, 3, or 4 Waters. These are seasonal,
nonfish habitat streams in which surface flow is not present for at least some portion
of the year and are not located downstream from any stream reach that is a Type 4
Water. Type 5 Waters must be physically connected by an aboveground channel
system to Type 1, 2, 3, or 4 Waters.
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2
Conversion of the interim water typing system to the permanent water typing system, as provided
in WAC 222-16-031, is as follows:
Water Type Conversion
Permanent Water Typing
Interim Water Typing
Type "S"
Type 1 Water
Type "F"
Type 2 and 3 Water
Type "Np"
Type 4 Water
Type "Ns"
Type 5 Waters
The conversion listed above was used in applying the state typing system to the EMC.
METHODS
For the purposes of this investigation, we applied criteria for presumed fish use, as presented in
the Interim Water Typing System (refer to description of Type 3 water). Fish presence was not confirmed
due to assumed downstream man-made fish passage blockages (i.e., culverts) that currently prevent
access to the project area and assumed absence of resident fish in the project area. In accordance with
WAC 222-16-031, waters having any of the following physical stream characteristics are presumed to
have fish use:
a. Stream segments having a defined channel of 2 feet or greater within the bankfull width in
Western Washington, and having a gradient of 16 percent or less.
b. Stream segments having a defined channel of 2 feet or greater within the bankfull width in
Western Washington, and having a gradient greater than 16 percent and less than or equal to 20
percent, and having greater than 50 acres in contributing basin size in Western Washington based
on hydrographic boundaries.
WAC 222-16-031 specifics that "channel width and gradient means a measurement over a
representative section of at least 500 linear feet with at least 10 evenly spaced measurement points along
the normal stream channel but excluding unusually wide areas of negligible gradient such as marshy or
swampy areas, beaver ponds and impoundments. Channel gradient may be determined utilizing stream
profiles plotted from United States geological survey topographic maps." Bankfull width was measured
at cross sections of the stream reach located on accessible properties in the project area. Bankfull width
was identified using the guidance provided in "Section 2 Standard Methods for Identifying Bankfull
Channel Features and Channel Migration Zones" of the Forest Practices Board Manual (Forest Practices
Board 2004). Bankfull width for streams is the lateral extent of the water surface elevation perpendicular
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3
to the channel at bankfull depth; where bankfull depth is the estimated water surface elevation required to
completely fill the channel to the point above which water would enter the floodplain or intersect a terrace
or hillslope. The measurements were averaged to determine bankfull width for the potential reach of
stream within the project area.
The calculation of stream slope was based on topographic data provided by the City for
comparison with the physical stream characteristics listed in WAC 222-16-031 (provided above).
A definition of fish habitat is not provided in WAC 222-16-031; the definition provided in WAC
222-16-030 is applied for this study. A qualitative habitat assessment was conducted, which included
characterization of in -stream large woody debris, riffles/pools, and channel bed material; and description
of observed hydrology.
Prior to the onsite field investigation, the City obtained property owner permission to access
properties within the project area. Landowners were also contacted on the day of the site visit by a
Landau Associates biologist (i.e., knocked on doors or were approached while on adjacent properties).
RESULTS
Landau Associates biologists conducted a field investigation of the project area on November 30,
2011. During the field investigation, an approximately 400-linear foot stream segment was observed
originating in the right of way between 740 Hemlock Street/733 Laurel Street and flowing to 807 7t"
Avenue South (see Figure 2). The stream enters a storm drain system at 807 7tn Avenue South that flows
to Shellabarger Creek west of the project area. Photographs of the locations of the bankfull cross section
measurements and representative stream reaches on each property are provided in Attachment B.
The measurements of 12 bankfull width cross sections (spaced at approximate 30-ft intervals)
across the stream channel revealed an average channel width of 1.9 feet (Table 1). Surface water was
present at the time of the field investigation, and water depths were generally 1 inch or less at each cross
section. The slope of the existing surface channel is approximately 12 percent. If the surface channel
extended to the catch basin at 7th Avenue South, providing a minimum 500-linear foot channel required
by WAC 222-16-031, the slope would be approximately 14 percent. Based on the average bankfull width
of the existing surface channel and slope within the project area, it is assumed that 500 linear feet of an
undisturbed surface channel within the project area would be less than 2 feet wide on average. This
assumption is also based on characterization of channel forming processes in the vicinity of the piped
segment on the property at 807 7t'' Avenue South (e.g., increase in slope and absence of significant inputs
of water and sediment).
The stream is modified throughout the project area. Various property owners indicated that
modifications were completed to improve drainage and/or to provide water feature amenities to their
12/13/11 P:\074170\FileRoom\REdm Stream Determination TM 12-13-11.docx LANDAU ASSOCIATES
4
respective property landscape. It was also indicated that the hillslope of the project area is poorly drained,
and that drainage improvements were necessary due to increased runoff from more recent developments
east of the project area. Vegetated surfaces in the vicinity of the stream were observed to be saturated at
the time of the site visit. Historical ponding and/or presence of a pond in the upper reaches of the project
area were also noted by a few property owners.
Two logs spanning the channel bed were observed in the upper reach of stream, but do not appear
to influence stream flow to create downstream pools; the stream lacks natural riffles/pools. The stream
bed contains a sand/gravel substrate, and gravels have been installed in much of the reach as part of the
aforementioned landscaping improvements. A short segment on one property is completely filled by
gravels, but was included in the overall assessment of the open channel. At least two fish passage
blockages were observed in the project area, including steps created by channelized flow over a rail -tie
retaining wall and at the outlet of a plastic pond feature (see photographs 5 and 7). Property owners
present on the day of the site visit indicated that the stream contains flow year-round (i.e., perennial flow).
Baseflow appears to be supported by groundwater, and additional hydrology is provided from stormwater
runoff. Small diameter plastic pipe, likely conveying stormwater runoff from adjacent residences, was
observed in the upper reaches of the stream.
As a headwater stream, the stream reach in the project area does not provide a migratory path for
fish to upstream habitats beyond the project area. Furthermore, the stream lacks undercut banks,
overhanging riparian vegetation, functional large woody debris, and pools that provide cover for fish.
The determination of water quality conditions were not included as part of this effort. Water depths
observed likely do not support fish use, and estimated depths at bankfull likely result in velocities
inhospitable to fish use, particularly due to the lack of cover (i.e., large woody debris and pools). The
stream is assumed to contain nonfish habitat.
CONCLUSION
The potential critical area identified by the City within the project area meets the definition of a
stream, as it contains a defined channel and bed caused by the passage of water. Based on observations
from the site visit and anecdotal information provided by property owners in the project area, the stream
is classified as a perennial flowing stream. No fish were observed during the site visit, which is likely due
to fish access being prevented to the project area by man-made blockages downstream and lack of fish
habitat in the stream reach within the project area. The stream within the project area does not meet the
minimum width requirements for presumed fish use, as defined in WAC 222-16-031. Therefore, the
stream appears to meet the classification as a Type 4 (Type Np) stream.
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5
USE OF THIS TECHNICAL MEMORANDUM
This technical memorandum was prepared for the use of the City of Edmonds. No other party is
entitled to rely on the information, conclusions, and recommendations included in this document without
the express written consent of Landau Associates. Furthermore, the reuse of information, conclusions,
and recommendations provided herein for extensions of the project or for any other project, without
review and authorization by Landau Associates, shall be at the user's sole risk.
We appreciate this opportunity to be of service to the City. Please contact us if you have any
questions, or if we may be of any further assistance to the City.
SJQ/rgm
REFERENCES
City of Edmonds. 2011. City of Edmonds Municipal Code. Current through Ordinance 3846, passed July
15, 2011. http://www.mrsc.org/wa/edmonds/index dtsearch.html
Forest Practices Board. 2004. Section 2. Standard Methods for Identifying Bankfull Channel Features and
Channel Migration Zones. Forest Practices Board Manual.
http://www.dnr.wa.gov/BusinessPermits/Topics/ForestPracticesRules/Pages/fp board_manual.aspx
ATTACHMENTS
Figure 1 — Site Vicinity Map
Figure 2 — Project Area Map
Table 1 — Bankfull Width Measurements
Attachment A: WAC 222-16-031 (Interim Water Typing System)
Attachment B: Selected Site Photographs
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6
Puget Sound
Edmonds- Kingston
Bracketts Landing
Point ETrds
City
usett
0 0.5 1
N Miles
Data Source: ESR12006
Stream Determination
7th Ave S, 8th Ave S,
LANDAU Hemlock St, Laurel St
ASSOCIATES Edmonds, Washington
Memorial
Project Location
Ridge
Q
Park
T
�arnonas �
Battle Spokane
Tacoma
Washington
Vicinity Map
Figure
1
Y:\Projects\074170\Mapdoc\Figure 2 ProjectArea.mxd 12/13/2011 NAD 1983 StatePlane Washington North FIPS 4601 Feet
1803 803
720
726 732
740 746 750 760 1
Right of Way
731 733 745 751 759
J '
d
Laurel Way
00
j t
N 1
i
Legend Notes
1.Stream location is approximate.
Storm Pipes — Project Area Stream Ditch and Creek 2.Black and white reproduction of this color
■ Storm Catch Basins — - Piped Segment Contours (Elevation in ft) original may reduce its effectiveness and
Data Source: City of Edmonds, WA; Bing Maps Aerial Imagery lead to incorrect interpretation.
• Storm Manholes Q Project Area Parcels
Stream Determination Figure
0 100 200 7th Ave S, 8th Ave S,
LANDAU Hemlock St, Laurel St Project Area Map 2
ASSOCIATES Scale in Feet Edmonds, Washington
TABLE 1
BANKFULL WIDTH MEASUREMENTS
Address
Property Owner
Bankfull Cross Section
Bankfull Width (ft)
740 Hemlock Street
Fred D. Specht
XS-1
1.2
733 Laurel Street
Carolyn J. Johnson
XS-2
2.5
XS-3
2.5
731 Laurel Street
Donald and Marlene Eager
XS-4
1.2
732 Hemlock Street
Scott and Lynn Thomsen
XS-5
1.9
726 Hemlock Street
Mark S. Rennord and Jessica H. Lee
XS-6
1.0
XS-7
1.1
XS-8
1.7
720 Hemlock Street
John and Vicki Taylor
XS-9
2.5
XS-10
3.6
807 7t" Avenue South
Mel and Carol Jean Chandler
XS-11
2.6
XS-12
1.4
Averagel
1.9
Page 1 of 1
12/13/2011P:\074\170\FileRoom\R\Table1 Landau Associates
Attachment A
WAC 222-16-031 (Interim Water Typing System)
WAC 222-16-031: Interim water typing system.
Page 1 of 3
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WACs > Title 222 > Chapter 222-16 > Section 222-16-031
222-16-030 « 222-16-031 » 222-16-035
WAC 222-16-031
Agency filings affecting this section
Interim water typing system.
Until the fish habitat water type maps mentioned above are available, waters will be
classified according to the interim water typing system described below. If a dispute arises
concerning a water type, the department shall make available informal conferences, which
shall include the departments of fish and wildlife, ecology, and affected Indian tribes and
those contesting the adopted water types. These conferences shall be established under
procedures established in WAC 222-46-020.
For the purposes of this interim water typing system see the following table:
Water Type Conversion Table
Permanent Water Typing
Interim Water Typing
Type "S"
Type 1 Water
Type "F"
Type 2 and 3 Water
Type "Np"
Type 4 Water
Type "Ns"
Type 5 Water
*(1) "Type 1 Water" means all waters, within their ordinary high-water mark, as
inventoried as "shorelines of the state" under chapter 90.58 RCW and the rules promulgated
pursuant to chapter 90.58 RCW, but not including those waters' associated wetlands as
defined in chapter 90.58 RCW.
*(2) "Type 2 Water" means segments of natural waters which are not classified as Type
1 Water and have a high fish, wildlife, or human use. These are segments of natural waters
and periodically inundated areas of their associated wetlands, which:
(a) Are diverted for domestic use by more than 100 residential or camping units or by a
public accommodation facility licensed to serve more than 10 persons, where such diversion
is determined by the department to be a valid appropriation of water and only considered
Type 2 Water upstream from the point of such diversion for 1,500 feet or until the drainage
area is reduced by 50 percent, whichever is less,
(b) Are diverted for use by federal, state, tribal or private fish hatcheries. Such waters
shall be considered Type 2 Water upstream from the point of diversion for 1,500 feet,
including tributaries if highly significant for protection of downstream water quality. The
department may allow additional harvest beyond the requirements of Type 2 Water
designation provided by the department of fish and wildlife, department of ecology, the
affected tribes and interested parties that:
(i) The management practices proposed by the landowner will adequately protect water
quality for the fish hatchery, and
(ii) Such additional harvest meets the requirements of the water type designation that
would apply in the absence of the hatchery;
(c) Are within a federal, state, local or private campground having more than 30 camping
units: Provided, That the water shall not be considered to enter a campground until it reaches
the boundary of the park lands available for public use and comes within 100 feet of a
camping unit.
http-//apps.leg.wa.gov/wac/default.aspx'?clte-222-16-031 12/2/2011
WAC 222-16-031: Interim water typing system.
Page 2 of 3
(d) Are used by fish for spawning, rearing or migration. Waters having the following
characteristics are presumed to have highly significant fish populations:
(i) Stream segments having a defined channel 20 feet or greater within the bankfull width
and having a gradient of less than 4 percent.
(ii) Lakes, ponds, or impoundments having a surface area of 1 acre or greater at seasonal
low water, or
(e) Are used by fish for off -channel habitat. These areas are critical to the maintenance of
optimum survival of fish. This habitat shall be identified based on the following criteria:
(i) The site must be connected to a fish bearing stream and be accessible during some
period of the year; and
(ii) The off -channel water must be accessible to fish through a drainage with less than a
5% gradient.
*(3) "Type 3 Water" means segments of natural waters which are not classified as Type
1 or 2 Waters and have a moderate to slight fish, wildlife, or human use. These are segments
of natural waters and periodically inundated areas of their associated wetlands which:
(a) Are diverted for domestic use by more than 10 residential or camping units or by a
public accommodation facility licensed to serve more than 10 persons, where such diversion
is determined by the department to be a valid appropriation of water and the only practical
water source for such users. Such waters shall be considered to be Type 3 Water upstream
from the point of such diversion for 1,500 feet or until the drainage area is reduced by 50
percent, whichever is less,
(b) Are used by fish for spawning, rearing or migration. The requirements for determining
fish use are described in the board manual section 13. If fish use has not been determined:
(i) Waters having any of the following characteristics are presumed to have fish use:
(A) Stream segments having a defined channel of 2 feet or greater within the bankfull
width in Western Washington; or 3 feet or greater in width in Eastern Washington, and having
a gradient of 16 percent or less;
(B) Stream segments having a defined channel of 2 feet or greater within the bankfull
width in Western Washington; or 3 feet or greater within the bankfull width in Eastern
Washington, and having a gradient greater than 16 percent and less than or equal to 20
percent, and having greater than 50 acres in contributing basin size in Western Washington
or greater than 175 acres contributing basin size in Eastern Washington, based on
hydrographic boundaries;
(C) Ponds or impoundments having a surface area of less than 1 acre at seasonal low
water and having an outlet to a fish stream;
(D) Ponds of impoundments having a surface area greater than 0.5 acre at seasonal low
water.
(ii) The department shall waive or modify the characteristics in (i) of this subsection where:
(A) Waters have confirmed, long term, naturally occurring water quality parameters
incapable of supporting fish,
(B) Snowmelt streams have short flow cycles that do not support successful life history
phases of fish. These streams typically have no flow in the winter months and discontinue
flow by June 1; or
(C) Sufficient information about a geomorphic region is available to support a departure
from the characteristics in (i) of this subsection, as determined in consultation with the
department of fish and wildlife, department of ecology, affected tribes and interested parties.
*(4) "Type 4 Water" means all segments of natural waters within the bankfull width of
defined channels that are perennial nonfish habitat streams. Perennial streams are flowing
waters that do not go dry any time of a year of normal rainfall and include the intermittent dry
http-//apps.leg.wa.gov/wac/default.aspx'?clte-222-16-031 12/2/2011
WAC 222-16-031: Interim water typing system. Page 3 of 3
portions of the perennial channel below the uppermost point of perennial flow.
*(5) "Type 5 Waters" means all segments of natural waters within the bankfull width of
the defined channels that are not Type 1, 2, 3, or 4 Waters. These are seasonal, nonfish
habitat streams in which surface flow is not present for at least some portion of the year and
are not located downstream from any stream reach that is a Type 4 Water. Type 5 Waters
must be physically connected by an above -ground channel system to Type 1, 2, 3, or 4
Waters-
*(6) For purposes of this section:
(a) "Residential unit' means a home, apartment, residential condominium unit or mobile
home, serving as the principal place of residence.
(b) "Camping unit' means an area intended and used for:
(i) Overnight camping or picnicking by the public containing at least a fireplace, picnic
table and access to water and sanitary facilities; or
(ii) A permanent home or condominium unit or mobile home not qualifying as a
"residential unit' because of part time occupancy.
(c) "Public accommodation facility" means a business establishment open to and licensed
to serve the public, such as a restaurant, tavern, motel or hotel.
(d) "Natural waters" only excludes water conveyance systems which are artificially
constructed and actively maintained for irrigation.
(e) "Seasonal low flow" and "seasonal low water" mean the conditions of the 7-day, 2-year
low water situation, as measured or estimated by accepted hydrologic techniques recognized
by the department.
(f) "Channel width and gradient' means a measurement over a representative section of
at least 500 linear feet with at least 10 evenly spaced measurement points along the normal
stream channel but excluding unusually wide areas of negligible gradient such as marshy or
swampy areas, beaver ponds and impoundments. Channel gradient may be determined
utilizing stream profiles plotted from United States geological survey topographic maps. (See
board manual section 23.)
[Statutory Authority: RCW 76.09.040 and 76.09.370. 06-23-096, § 222-16-031, filed 11/15/06, effective
12/16/06. Statutory Authority: RCW 76.09.040. 05-12-119, § 222-16-031, filed 5/31/05, effective 7/1/05.
Statutory Authority: Chapter 34.05 RCW, RCW 76.09.040, [76.09.1050, [76.09.1370,76.13.120 (9). 01-12-042, §
222-16-031, filed 5/30/01, effective 7/1/01.]
http-//apps.leg.wa.gov/wac/default.aspx'?clte-222-16-031 12/2/2011
Attachment B
Selected Site Photographs
1.CIO C\
1. Cross Section XS-1 at stream origin.
LANDAU
ASSOCIATES
Stream Determination
7th Ave S. and 8th Ave S
Hemlock St, Laurel St
Fdmonds_ Washinaton
2. Cross section XS-2.
Figure
Selected Site Photographs B . 1
I_ 12/11 Y:\U/4\1
3. Cross section XS-3, single large wood piece in
background
LANDAU
ASSOCIATES
Stream Determination
7th Ave S. and 8th Ave S
Hemlock St, Laurel St
Fdmonds_ Washinaton
4. Cross section XS-4.
Figure
Selected Site Photographs B . 2
LANDAU
1A ASSOCIATES
5. Plastic pond between XS-4 and XS-5.
Stream Determination
7th Ave S. and 8th Ave S
Hemlock St, Laurel St
Edmonds. Washington
Figure
Selected Site Photographs B_3
4.tl0C\
6. Cross section XS-5.
LANDAU
ASSOCIATES
Stream Determination
7th Ave S. and 8th Ave S
Hemlock St, Laurel St
Fdmonds_ Washinaton
7. Cross section XS-6, channelized flow over rail tie
retaining wall in background.
Figure
Selected Site Photographs B . 4
11 Y:AV/4VL/UAPlleKO0111\K\PUMS\Yll010 Ltl0eS
LIN
9. Cross section XS-8.
LANDAU
ASSOCIATES
Stream Determination
7th Ave S. and 8th Ave S
Hemlock St, Laurel St
Fdmonds- Washinaton
.ti
1. 4-
'. Fib' '• v ^L���(��• � �� ±����/f
10. Cross section XS-9.
Figure
Selected Site Photographs B . 5
0.tl0C\
11. Cross section XS-10.
LANDAU
ASSOCIATES
Stream Determination
7th Ave S. and 8th Ave S
Hemlock St, Laurel St
Fdmonds_ Washinaton
12. Cross section XS-11.
Figure
Selected Site Photographs B . 6
L cloc\
13. Cross section XS-12.
LANDAU
ASSOCIATES
Stream Determination
7th Ave S. and 8th Ave S
Hemlock St, Laurel St
Fdmonds_ Washinaton
14. Stream end at 807 7`' Avenue.
Figure
Selected Site Photographs B . 7
LANDAU
ASSOCIATES
_L clocx
15. Catch basin at 807 7th Avenue.
Stream Determination
7th Ave S. and 8th Ave S
Hemlock St, Laurel St
Fdmonds_ Washinaton
Figure
Selected Site Photographs B . 8