2021-06-24 City Council - Full S Agenda-2903o Agenda
Edmonds City Council
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PEOPLE AND THEIR SUCCESSORS THE TULALIP TRIBES, WHO SINCE TIME IMMEMORIAL HAVE
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CONNECTION WITH THE LAND AND WATER. - CITY COUNCIL LAND ACKNOWLEDGMENT
1. CALL TO ORDER
2. LAND ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
3. ROLL CALL
4. COUNCIL BUSINESS
1. Review of Five Housing Commission Policy Recommendations (110 min)
ADJOURN
Edmonds City Council Agenda
June 24, 2021
Page 1
4.1
City Council Agenda Item
Meeting Date: 06/24/2021
Review of Five Housing Commission Policy Recommendations
Staff Lead: Shane Hope
Department: City Council
Preparer: Debbie Rothfus
Background/History
The Edmonds Citizens' Housing Commission has been a 15-member group of local residents appointed
by the City Council in 2019, pursuant to Resolution No. 1427, and now sunset. The Commission's
assigned mission is stated clearly in the Resolution:
Develop diverse housing policy options for Council consideration designed to expand the range of
housing (including rental and owned) available in Edmonds; options that are irrespective of age,
gender, race, religious affiliation, physical disability or sexual orientation.
This Resolution was originally adopted to follow up on housing concerns raised by the public.
After about a year -and -a -half of work, the Housing Commission put forward 15 policy recommendations
for the City Council's consideration. Of these 15, just five will be reviewed at the June 24 special meeting
of the City Council.
The special meeting was called because the City Council's regular meeting agendas have been too full to
allow substantive review of the housing policy ideas. No action to adopt any of the recommendations
will take place at the study session.
Staff Recommendation
Review the policy ideas and identify any next steps in the consideration process
Narrative
The June 24 study session is the first opportunity for the City Council to have a more substantive review
of 5 of the Housing Commission's 15 policy recommendations. The recommendations are at a broad
policy level. None of them are proposed for adoption as is. More analysis, public input, and other steps
are needed before any final decisions.
The study session will focus on only 5 of the Commission's 15 housing recommendations and will not
include the other Housing Commission recommendations or other Council business.
After reviewing the 5 policy ideas, the Council may request more information from staff or the Planning
Board or identify other possible next steps. Additional public process would be part of any such steps.
NOTE: All Housing Commission recommendations are at a broad policy concept level and not in the
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4.1
form of regulations or budget actions. Additional study will be needed. No final decisions will be
made at the June 24 meeting.
The 5 policy proposals (see attachments) to be reviewed on June 24 are:
Options for allowing detached accessory dwelling units (with parking)
Options for allowing cluster/cottage housing in some locations
Options for requiring design standards for multifamily development
Options for considering community and regional partnerships with the City
Options for addressing discriminatory deeds and covenants.
Q and A
Here are some questions and answers that may be helpful for the June 24 meeting:
How do the Housing Commission's policy recommendations relate to the Edmonds Comprehensive
Plan?
Cities and counties, by state law, are required to be consistent with and implement their comprehensive
plans. Edmonds has a comprehensive plan that was last updated in 2020. The two elements or sections
in the Comprehensive Plan that relate most to housing issues are entitled: "Housing" and "Community
Sustainability".
Comprehensive Plan goals and policies for both Housing and Community Sustainability are attached.
Which of the 5 policy proposals being reviewed now are subject to Planning Board review?
Three of the five policy proposals being reviewed now are normally reviewed by the Planning Board for
any more specific options and input. The Planning Board process also includes public engagement. The
three that could be reviewed later by the Planning Board are for options on: detached accessory
dwellings; cluster/cottage housing; and multifamily design standards.
The other two proposals (for considering partnership opportunities and for addressing discriminatory
deeds and covenants) do not need Planning Board review.
After initial Council review, what next steps could apply to any of the 5 policy recommendations?
Possible next steps could include:
1. Question and discussion by the City Council
2. Request for the Planning Board to develop one or more detailed options that the City Council could
consider in 2022. (This is most applicable to any items that would normally receive Planning Board
review.)
3. Request for staff to bring back more information on a topic to a City Council meeting, probably in
late 2021 or in 2022. (This is most applicable to items that do not need Planning Board review.)
[NOTE: Of course, public input would be part of any follow-up meetings on these topics.]
When will the other Housing Commission recommendations be reviewed?
Remaining recommendations from the Housing Commission will start getting considered by the City
Council in a few months or next year. Public input and more information will be part of the process.
Some items are quite complex and will take careful analysis, consideration of options, and multiple
public meetings before a decision can be made. The Council could also choose to not explore one or
more of the recommendations.
Where can I learn more about the Edmonds Citizens' Housing Commission?
Background about the Housing Commission's work is on the City website at:
<https://www.citizenshousingcommission.org/>.
Attachments:
Detached Accessory Dwelling Units
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4.1
Cluster Cottage Housing
Multifamily Design Standards
Community Housing Partners
Discriminatory Provisions in Covs Deeds
Housing Goals and Policies
2017 Comp Plan - Sustainability Goals Policies
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4.1.a
Policy Recommendation
Short Name of Policy: DETACHED ACCESSORY DWELLING UNITS
Policy:
Allow either one attached or detached accessory unit on a property in the SFR area, with clear and
definitive development requirements such as size, ownership, and parking, under the standard
permitting process and not require a conditional use permit.
ADDITIONAL INFORMATION
1. This policy does not limit the detached accessory dwelling to any specific zone(s) within
the City.
2. This policy allows the City to generate its own development and design requirements,
and codes. These can be guided by existing standard for ADU's in Edmonds and may
reference the standards already adopted by other neighboring cities and redlined as
needed specifically for the current needs of Edmonds based upon on favorable
community feedback. Examples of requirements include: limitations on floor area
based on lot size, yard setbacks, height limitations, and off street parking specifications,
and ownership stipulations are some of the requirements the City should consider.
3. This policy makes it possible to develop detached accessory dwelling units without the
added expense and trouble of a conditional use permit.
Additional material to be made available.
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4.1.b
Policy Recommendation
Short Name of Policy: CLUSTER/COTTAGE HOUSING
Policy:
Add Cluster/Cottage housing as an option within single-family or multi -family housing in Edmonds.
Additional Information:
Cluster/Cottage housing is a flexible approach to land development that can provide more
affordable homes, especially to those in middle -income ranges. Currently, for Edmonds, clustered
or clustering of housing is mentioned primarily in ECDC 20.35 PLANNED RESIDENTIAL
DEVELOPMENT [PRD]. The policy idea being proposed would allow Cluster/Cottage housing
options within single-family or multi -family zones for certain Edmonds areas where site conditions
permit.
1. Small homes are clustered together in ways that can maximize open space, create common
areas, limit traffic flow to ensure safe play areas for children, and encourage the walkways
through the cluster development. These walkways can link to off -site trails and walkways
and to off -site activity centers. Cluster housing offers an alternative to conventional lot -by -
lot development that is achieved by allowing departures from lot dimension and setback
requirements.
2. Housing units are often one-story units, but can be two-story units, and are smaller in size
(650 to 1500 sq. ft.). One-story units can also be developed in ways to support independent
living for seniors or individuals with unique mobility needs.
3. Allowing site development in clusters may also allow for less infrastructure development
thus lowering costs. This will minimize stormwater run-off and erosion which also lessens
the burden on the City Storm Sewer system.
4. Offering the Cluster/Cottage housing option would allow developers a more direct
permitting process rather than solely through the more costly PRD process. This may lower
overall costs for the housing. Density bonuses could incentivize builders by allowing them to
build more small and affordable homes in these cluster communities.
5. Additionally, cluster housing could be used in proximity to Neighborhood Villages to
increase the housing capacity, enhance the livability, and encourage walking between the
housing and the Neighborhood Village. As an example, cluster housing could be developed
near Swedish Edmonds medical complex to offer smaller, relatively more affordable housing
for seniors and/or employees.
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4.1.c
Policy Recommendation
Short Name of Policy: MULTI -FAMILY DESIGN STANDARDS
Policy:
Enhance current design standards of new multi -family dwellings to maintain and enhance the
unique characteristics of the Edmonds community. Building types would include mixed use
buildings, small multi -family buildings and larger multi -family buildings.
Additional Information:
This policy creates design standards to achieve an end solution that is visually appealing and
reflects a human scale, resulting in compatibility with the City of Edmonds neighborhoods. This
summary is a supplement to current zoning design standards.
1. Building visual interest:
a. Vertical and horizontal modulation. This condition is important for larger scale buildings
b. Site and building landscaping, ground level: At entry and in courtyards.
c. Landscaping integrated into the building where stepped modulation on decks of units
and common area decks occur shall be enhanced with free-standing or hanging pots
and/or built-in platforms or planters.
d. In common areas, roof decks and modulation step -back decks enhance livability.
2. Step-backs/Incentives: Street and alley sides
a. Maintain the current 3-story height limit. Step -back the upper floors. Stepping back the
3rd Floor provides the developer the opportunity to increase income from creative use of
space that may increase building costs. The higher income from the use of creative
space will help offset affordable housing income on the lower floors.
b. Further incentives would include a partial 41h Floor (not within view corridors). Step -back
all sides to provide a combination of common and private areas for the 4th Floor. This 4th
Floor reward provides a developer another opportunity to increase income from the
above items that will result in building cost increases and to offset affordable housing
loss of income.
c. Height exception: Elevators and Stairwells
d. Color and material variations should be used to complement modulation.
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4.1.d
Policy Recommendation
Short Name of Policy: DEVELOP COMMUNITY HOUSING PARTNERS
Policy:
• Edmonds needs more affordable housing options for:
o low/moderate income residents (especially those who earn less than 50% of AML)
o special needs residents
o seniors
o veterans
• Construction and land costs make building low income housing economically challenging.
• This policy establishes community partnerships with for-profit/non-profits to build affordable
housing:
o public agencies
o neighboring communities
o housing/for-profit/non-profit groups
o community care providers (transitional housing for patients with 'no safe place to go'
while recovering from hospitalization)
o Edmonds would establish regulations for these partnerships
o The city contract would contract with those partners to manage this housing
ADDITIONAL INFORMATION
Edmonds should develop community partners throughout South Snohomish County to create/build
affordable housing options for low/moderate income residents.
• Potential partnerships already exist in South Snohomish County.
o The cities of Lynnwood, Mountlake Terrace, Brier
o 'Homes & Hope' Community Land Trust in Lynnwood
o Housing Authority of Snohomish County
o The Alliance for Housing Affordability
o Habitat for Humanity
• Partnerships can seek private grants/state/federal funding.
• Create incentive opportunities for land donation from private owners.
• Explore 'surplus' property of the School District, PUD, other entities.
• Existing agencies can be contracted to manage projects. • Apply for Washington State
Housing Trust Fund monies.
• Some funding from existing sales tax revenue is already dedicated for low income housing.
• Work with the county to create additional sales tax revenue as authorized by state law.
• Satisfy all zoning criteria for housing/apartments/MFTE renovation properties.
• Meet needs for services, parking, access to transit, green space, environmental impacts.
• Additional community resources available from Appendix E. Edmonds Housing Strategy (2018)
• Our Community I Verdant — representing Public Hospital District #2/Swedish-Edmonds
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4.1.e
Policy Recommendation
Short Name of Policy:
ELIMINATE DISCRIMINATORY PROVISIONS IN CONVENANTS AND DEEDS
Policy:
Prior to the sale or transfer of any property in Edmonds, all discriminatory language in any associated
covenants and/or deeds must be legally removed from said documents.
ADDTIONAL INFORMATION
Historically, many parcels of property in Edmonds had legally binding language prohibiting the sale of U
said property to individuals based on their race, religion, sex or other discriminatory provisions.
Covenants restricting ownership by race were ruled unenforceable by the U.S. Supreme Court in 1948,
and housing discrimination was made illegal by Congress in 1968 under the Fair Housing Law. While =
today enforcing these documents is illegal, none -the -less they still exist and are passed down to
successive property owners at the time of sale. This policy is targeted to break that cycle. State
legislation (SHB 2514) has recently been enacted with provisions to modify these documents through
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a "restrictive covenant modification" document filed with the county that legally strikes and voids the
unenforceable provisions from the deed. This policy would mandate that property owners file a
restrictive covenant modification document with the county (at no cost) prior to the sale or transfer y
of said property.
0
While this doesn't erase history, it does provide a means to state our values for future Edmonds
residents and property owners. ,0
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4.1.f
Excerpt from Comprehensive Plan Housing Element
Housing Goals & Policies
Each key goal in this element (or section) is identified by an alphabet letter (for example, "D").
Goals are typically followed by associated policies and these are identified by the letter of the goal
and a sequential number (for example, "D.2")
Housing Goal A. Encourage adequate housing opportunities for all families and individuals in
the community regardless of their race, age, sex, religion, disability or economic circumstances.
A.1 Consider opportunities for short-term housing that can meet local needs in
case of an emergency or disaster.
Housing Goal B. Ensure that past attitudes do not establish a precedent for future decisions
pertaining to public accommodation and fair housing.
Housing Goal C. Provide for special needs populations — such as low income, disabled, or senior
residents — to have a decent home in a healthy and suitable living environment, including through
the following policies:
C.1. Encourage the utilization of the housing resources of the state or federal
government to assist in providing adequate housing opportunities for special needs
populations, such as low income, disabled, or senior residents.
C.2. Work with the Alliance for Housing Affordability and other agencies to:
C.2.a. Provide current information on housing resources;
C.2.b.Determine the programs which will work best for the community.
C.2.c. Conduct periodic assessments of the housing requirements of special needs
populations to ensure that reasonable opportunities exist for all forms of
individual and group housing within the community.
Housing Goal D. Maintain a valuable housing resource by encouraging preservation and
rehabilitation of the older housing stock in the community through the following policies:
D.1. Support programs that offer assistance to households in need, such as units with
low income or senior householders.
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4.1.f
D.2. Enforce building codes, as appropriate, to conserve healthy neighborhoods and
encourage rehabilitation of housing that shows signs of deterioration.
D.3. Ensure that an adequate supply of housing exists to accommodate all households
that are displaced as a result of any community action.
DA. Evaluate City ordinances and programs to determine if they prevent rehabilitation
of older buildings.
Housing Goal E. Provide opportunities for affordable housing (subsidized, if need be) for special
needs populations, such as disadvantaged, disabled, low income, and senior residents through the
following policies:
E.1. Aggressively support efforts to fund the construction of housing for seniors, low
income, and other special needs populations, while recognizing that units should
blend into the neighborhood and/or be designed to be an asset to the area and create
pride for inhabitants.
E.2. Aim for city zoning regulations to expand, not limit, housing opportunities for all
special needs populations.
Housing Goal F. Provide for a variety of housing that respects the established character of the
community.
F.I. Expand and promote a variety of housing opportunities by establishing land use
patterns that provide a mixture of housing types and densities.
F. La. Provide for mixed use, multifamily and single family housing that is targeted
and located according to the land use patterns established in the land use
element.
F.2. Encourage infill development that is consistent with or enhances the character of
the surrounding neighborhood.
F.2.a. Within single family neighborhoods, encourage infill development by
considering innovative single family development patterns such as Planned
Residential Developments (PRDs).
F.2.b. Provide for accessory housing in single family neighborhoods to address the
needs of extended families and encourages housing affordability.
F.2.c. Provide flexible development standards for infill development, such as non-
conforming lots, when development in these situations will be consistent
with the character of the neighborhood and with the goal to provide
affordable single family housing.
Housing Goal G. Provide housing opportunities within Activity Centers consistent with the land
use, transportation, and economic goals of the Comprehensive Plan.
G.1. Promote development within Activity Centers that supports the centers' economic
activities and transit service.
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4.1.f
G. La. Provide for mixed use development within Activity Centers.
G.l.b. Plan for housing that is located with easy access to transit and economic
activities that provide jobs and shopping opportunities.
G.l.c. Consider adjusting parking standards for housing within Activity Centers to
provide incentives for lower -cost housing when justified by available transit
service.
Housing Goal H. Review and monitor permitting processes and regulatory systems to assure
that they promote housing opportunities and avoid, to the extent possible, adding to the cost of
housing.
H.1. Provide the maximum amount of efficiency and predictability in government
permitting processes.
H. La. Consider a wide variety of measures to achieve predictability and efficiency,
including such ideas as:
...establishing time limits for permitting processes;
...developing consolidated permitting and appeals processes;
...implementing administrative permitting procedures;
...using pre -application processes to highlight problems early.
H.2. Establish monitoring programs for permitting and regulatory processes.
H.2.a. Monitoring programs should review the types and effectiveness of
government regulations and incentives, in order to assess whether they are
meeting their intended purpose or need to be adjusted to meet new
challenges.
Housing Goal I. Increase affordable housing opportunities with programs that seek to achieve
other community goals as well.
I.1. Research housing affordability and program options that address Comprehensive
Plan goals and objectives.
I.2. Develop housing programs to encourage housing opportunities that build on
linkages between housing and other complementary Comprehensive Plan goals.
I.2.a. New programs that address housing affordability should be coordinated with
programs that address development of the arts, encourage historic
preservation, promote the continued development of Activity Centers and
transit -friendly development, and that encourage economic development.
Housing Goal J. Recognize that in addition to traditional height and bulk standards, design is an
important aspect of housing and determines, in many cases, whether or not it is compatible with
its surroundings. Design guidelines for housing should be integrated, as appropriate, into the
policies and regulations governing the location and design of housing.
J.1. Provide design guidelines that encourage flexibility in housing types while
ensuring compatibility of housing with the surrounding neighborhood.
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4.1.f
J. La. Incentives and programs for historic preservation and neighborhood
conservation should be researched and established to continue the character
of Edmonds' residential and mixed use neighborhoods.
J. Lb. Design guidelines for housing should be developed to ensure compatibility of
housing with adjacent land uses.
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4.1.g
Sustainability Framework
This section describes the general goals and principles underlying the City's approach to
community sustainability. Three important guiding principles central to a successful approach
are:
Flexible — In an environment where what we understand and can predict is still
developing and will be uncertain for some time to come, providing ways to monitor,
assess, adapt, and to be flexible in our responses will be critical. Climate change is but
one example; the uncertainties acknowledged in that subject area should be instructive in
helping us understand that a flexible approach is necessary when addressing all areas of
sustainability.
Holistic — The components of sustainability — in terms of both its inputs and outputs —are
complex and synergistic. No single action will result in a sustainable result, and
sustainable initiatives taken in one area don't necessarily lead to sustainability in another.
For example, sustainable land use practices don't necessarily result in a sustainable
transportation or health system. A holistic approach is required that includes all levels of
governance and encompasses planning, funding, evaluation, monitoring, and
implementation.
Long-term — Focusing on short-term, expedient solutions will only make actions
necessary to support sustainability more difficult to take in the future. For example, in the
areas of environmental issues and climate change, deferred action now will only make the
cumulative effects more difficult to resolve in the future. The familiar GMA-based 20-
year planning timeframe will not be sufficient — planning for sustainability must take an
even longer view.
Sustainability Goals & Policies
Each key goal in this element (or section) is identified by an alphabet letter (for example, "D").
Goals are typically followed by associated policies and these are identified by the letter of the goal
and a sequential number (for example, "D.2")
Sustainability Goal A. Develop land use policies, programs, and regulations designed to support
and promote sustainability. Encourage a mix and location of land uses designed to increase
accessibility of Edmonds residents to services, recreation, jobs, and housing.
A.1 Adopt a system of codes, standards and incentives to promote development that
achieves growth management goals while maintaining Edmonds' community
character and charm in a sustainable way. Holistic solutions should be developed
that employ such techniques as Low Impact Development (LID), transit -oriented
development, "complete streets" that support multiple modes of travel, and other
techniques to assure that future development and redevelopment enhances
Edmonds' character and charm for future generations to enjoy.
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O
a
Community Sustainability 20
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4.1.g
A.2 Include urban form and design as critical components of sustainable land use
planning. New tools, such as form -based zoning and context -sensitive design
standards should be used to support a flexible land use system which seeks to
provide accessible, compatible and synergistic land use patterns which encourage
economic and social interaction while retaining privacy and a unique community
character.
A.3 Integrate land use plans and implementation tools with transportation, housing,
cultural and recreational, and economic development planning so as to form a
cohesive and mutually -supporting whole.
A.4 Use both long-term and strategic planning tools to tie short term actions and land
use decisions to long-term sustainability goals. City land use policies and decision
criteria should reflect and support sustainability goals and priorities.
Sustainability Goal B. Develop transportation policies, programs, and regulations designed to
support and promote sustainability and resiliency. Take actions to reduce the use of fuel and
energy in transportation, and encourage various modes of transportation that reduce reliance on
automobiles and are supported by transportation facilities and accessibility throughout the
community.
B.1 Undertake a multi -modal approach to transportation planning that promotes an
integrated system of auto, transit, biking, walking and other forms of transportation
designed to effectively support mobility and access.
B.2 Actively work with transit providers to maximize and promote transit opportunities W
within the Edmonds community while providing links to other communities both w
within and outside the region.
B.3 Explore and support the use of alternative fuels and transportation operations that ° a
reduce GHG emissions. w
B.4 When undertaking transportation planning and service decisions, evaluate and
encourage land use patterns and policies that support a sustainable transportation
system.
B.5 Strategically plan and budget for transportation priorities that balances ongoing
facility and service needs with long-term improvements that support a sustainable,
multi -modal transportation system.
B.6 Strategically design transportation options — including bike routes, pedestrian trails
and other non -motorized solutions — to support and anticipate land use and
economic development priorities.
Sustainability Goal C. Promote seamless transportation linkages between the Edmonds
community and the rest of the Puget Sound region.
C.1 Take an active role in supporting and advocating regional solutions to
transportation and land use challenges.
Community Sustainability 31
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4.1.g
C.2 Local transportation options should be designed to be coordinated with and support
inter -city and regional transportation programs and solutions.
C.3 Advocate for local priorities and connections and the promotion of system -wide
flexibility and ease of use in regional transportation decisions.
Sustainability Goal D. Develop utility policies, programs, and maintenance measures designed
to support and promote sustainability, resilience, and energy efficiency. Maintain existing utility
systems while seeking to expand the use of alternative energy and sustainable maintenance and
building practices in city facilities.
D.1 Balance and prioritize strategic and short-term priorities for maintenance and
ongoing infrastructure needs with long-term economic development and
sustainability goals.
D.2 Strategically program utility and infrastructure improvements to support and
anticipate land use and economic development priorities.
D.3 Explore and employ alternative systems and techniques, such as life -cycle cost
analysis, designed to maximize investments, minimize waste, and/or reduce
ongoing maintenance and facilities costs.
DA Include sustainability considerations, such as environmental impact, green
infrastructure (emphasizing natural systems and processes), and GHG reduction in
the design and maintenance of facilities and infrastructure.
Sustainability Goal E. Develop economic development policies and programs designed to
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support and promote sustainability and energy efficiency. Encourage the co -location of jobs with m
.2
housing in the community, seeking to expand residents' ability to work in close proximity to their o
homes. Encourage and support infrastructure initiatives and land use policies that encourage and a
support home -based work and business activities that supplement traditional business and M
employment concentrations. a
E.1 Economic development should support and encourage the expansion of locally -
based business and employment opportunities.
E.2 Land use policies and implementation tools should be designed to provide for
mixed use development and local access to jobs, housing, and services.
E.3 Regulatory and economic initiatives should emphasize flexibility and the ability to
anticipate and meet evolving employment, technological, and economic patterns.
EA Land use and regulatory schemes should be designed to encourage and support the
ability of local residents to work, shop, and obtain services locally.
E.5 Land use and economic development programs should provide for appropriate
scale and design integration of economic activities with neighborhoods while
promoting patterns that provide accessibility and efficient transportation options.
Community Sustainability 22
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4.1.g
Sustainability Goal F. Develop cultural and recreational programs designed to support and
promote sustainability. Networks of parks, walkways, public art and cultural facilities and events
should be woven into the community's fabric to encourage sense of place and the overall health
and well being of the community.
F.1 Cultural and arts programs should be supported and nourished as an essential part
of the City's social, economic, and health infrastructure.
F.2 Recreational opportunities and programming should be integrated holistically into
the City's infrastructure and planning process.
F.3 Cultural, arts, and recreational programming should be an integral part of City
design and facilities standards, and should be integrated into all planning,
promotion, and economic development initiatives.
Sustainability Goal G. Develop housing policies, programs, and regulations designed to support
and promote sustainability. Support and encourage a mix of housing types and styles which
provide people with affordable housing choices geared to changes in life style. Seek to form
public and private partnerships to retain and promote affordable housing options.
G.1 Land use and housing programs should be designed to provide for existing housing
needs while providing flexibility to adapt to evolving housing needs and choices.
G.2 Housing should be viewed as a community resource, providing opportunities for
residents to choose to stay in the community as their needs and resources evolve
and change over time.
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G.3 Support the development of housing tools, such as inclusionary zoning incentives •4)
and affordable housing programs, that promote a variety of housing types and o
affordability levels into all developments. a
Report of the World Commission on Environment and Development: Our Common Future, U.N. General
Assembly Plenary Meeting, December 11, 1987.
Community Sustainability 33
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