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CONSTRUCTION TIP SHEET 5
Basic Decks w/ 60 psi' Live loading
September 18, 2018
This Tip Sheet reflects code requirements of the 2015 International Residential Code (IRC) with
Washington State Amendments which update the live load to 60 psf.
This document provides building code information applicable to prescriptive residential wood deck design. You may
need to hire a licensed architect or an engineer to design a deck where any of the following conditions apply:
• The deck serves other than a one- or two-family dwelling building
• The deck design includes more than one level
• The deck will support a hot tub, spa or other heavy object, including heavy deck covering (such as pavers)
• The walking surface is more than 10' above grade
• The deck ledger is attached to house overhangs, bay windows, bricks, stone or concrete block
• The deck is bearing on ground with a slope greater than 1' horizontal for every 1' vertical
• The deck is self-supporting (not attached to an exterior wall)
APPROVED Typical Deck
PLANS MUST BE Ledger
ON JOB SITE See €4_�_\
Joist Hanger
—.w
YONY >> Decking;
Joistof
Overhang
See Page 5
.'t y
Joist Spacing for Ledger
SAttachmentfooting smodi8e.
Saospan Eal7lti am � �
P ^ Joist Span
Ytd torsi ut fo $'-4' ho 4
54 min, up to l tO'• ' ti&Ot S158 span tab4o-
Non -corrosive metal Beam
500 Wf] tattle.
post/beam connector Note: guards are
required when the deck
Continuous salad blocking walking surface is more Forting
between joists than 30" above grade, see span tahlta.and
io4iitsg sc�Z¢iiula_
Beam Overhang
24- maximum
RECEIVED
Dec 22 2021
CITY OF EDMONDS
DEVELOPMENT S ERVICES
DEPARTMENT
GENERAL INFORMATION:
. The intent of this Tip Sheet is to provide a general understanding of the code requirements and sloes 'e�ityLfly_net
not address the subject in great detail.
o Additional information can be obtained from your local purflclRatinq jurisdiction.
Page i of 6
Basic Decks
Deck Construction Notes
• Please note that due to the new 60 psf loading, previous lumber spans and footing sizes have changed.
• The illustrations and information in this Tip Sheet may be used for decks whether or not they require a permit. See Tip
Sheet 0 for when a permit is required.
• All wood must be pressure treated or naturally resistant to decay. Treat cuts, holes and notches with end -cut solution.
• Fasteners, hangers, nails, etc., must be stainless steel, hot -dipped galvanized, or as specifically required for the
specified wood preservative used. The coating weights for zinc -coated fasteners to be in accordance with ASTM A
153. Provide documentation in the field showing the required fastener protection for the wood chosen for your deck.
• You may modify any components of this Tip Sheet using accepted engineering practices. Any modifications must be
reviewed prior to permit issuance. All attachments must be per manufacturer's installation instructions.
• This Tip Sheet is intended to represent good construction practices for deck construction and related IRC
requirements. See related Tip Sheets: 1 for stairs, 2 for handrails, 3 for guards and 11 for notching and boring.
Typical
Deck Section
36" rninitnum high guard --
r- Existing building
with i erniediate tails
Flashing
spaced so that a sphere
41 in diame i aarmt.
See detail 7 pagS 4
for ledger allac meat
lass through (See Yip
I options
Sheet 31
�--
See detail 2
page 4 for guardrail
post connection
i
-
{
Secure ballusters
f
vwth (1)) #8d wood
screw top & bottom.
✓�
�� spacrncl
recornmer4ed '
�•
Zia:
for drainage
Knee braces are
Contractor to field verify
required if distance
adequacy of SOW lumber
from grade to top of
for [edger connection+;
post exceeds 48".
See detail on page 3.
If an exit.tin Mess ff tile.
q
existing buiWu its passes
under tip prop m ed dens, or if
there is an existing patio
44 pasts thin. wl
utx#er the Proposed deck.
W-T max. height
&-r rainknum deafance
and U6
must to maintained, Please
for g'-fl" to
irate c' wings in exists.
t4'-o"max, height
watt in elevation view.
Manufactured post
base with i" standoff.
4
3XG psi Concrete
(no special
inspection required)
t inlstted grade
dear
r
`.
1If
(2) 44 ea. way, 3"
I e
clear to bottom of
t l t
l , footing. Footing
All,
to bear an
l 1 !. 1
t l undisturbed
earth.
GENERAL INFORMATION,
• The intent of this Tip Sheet is to provide a general understanding of the code requirements and doesC gGov,net
not address the svbtect in grew, detail_
• Additionaf information can be obtained from your local partleigafing Wrlsdicfion.
Page 2 of 6
Basic Decks
Post to Beam Connection wI Knee Brace
(Knee braces are required on posts greater than 4 feet in height.)
Or 1/3 the height of the post,
whithowar iit tlrFltpr Ream splices must 6ceur
over posts with 1-1/2" min. bearing
Corrosion resistant, �� ' mire, t
metal column cap.
Follow manufacturer's
installation instructions.
i_
E
iv
Alternate Knee Brace Detail:
2x4 knee brace face nailed ea_ side of
past and beam with 4-16d nails at each
face and connection
I
Girder beam
IV,
4e ,�' / \ ' -- 4 x 4 knee brava
(1 ) 318" diameter thru-bolt or 112 "
lag screws with washer8, top & bottoLm
(typical)
Pressure treated
good post
Guardrail Attachment
(Guardrails are required when the deck is more than 30 inches above grade.)
� ` 4x4 min. past
max � 51e" O.D. I alvanized bolt
/ i7a 6'0" o.c, max., TYp
or tf readed rod w/
is & washers
2krnin and Y maz
Min. 1800#
sion device
51a" O.b. galvanized bolt
r threaded rod w/
nuts & washers
Tmin l
2%min and 5" max
2"min
Section A
(c1
2"min
2x8 rain. blocking
2"m!n
Use above details for guard connections 'Dr
provide Ingineered Min. 18009 tension strapsy
design that shows Guards can resist a single concen rated load
of 200 lbs applied in any direction at any point along he tap and Section have attachment devices and supporting structure to transfer this ion
load to appropriate structural elements of the buildinc per IBC
sec 1607.7.1.1
(-;LNERAL INFORMATION,
m The intent of this Tip Sheet is to provide a general understc nding of the code requirements and does ,.. C yGowner
nog orJdress the subfect in great detail_
e Additional information can be obtained from your locgi '? rticipotint iudscliction_
Page 13 of 6
Basic Decks
Detail I, Ledger Attachment for Lateral Loads
(Knee braces are required on posts greater than 4 feet in height.)
Hold-down or
Sheathing
_ tension device
Siding
with 1500 #
capacity
Floorsheathing nailing Flashing
at 6" o.c. (max) to joist
vritlt hold-down. Decking
Flashing
Joists
Joist Hangers
Treated 2x ledger
Deck Joist
Floor joist 750# capacity holddown c
at 4 locations evenly distri
along the deck and within
] A each end. Install per manufa
Option # I
Fully threaded 318" diameter la
predrilled with a minimum Ord in
embedment into solid framing.
Deck Connections
All fasteners, nails bolts screws and connectors must be corrosion resistant
2" min.
or joists
Connection:
Fastening:
Manufactured Connectors
Follow manufacturer's instructions
Post to Footing
Post base is required
Post to Footing (High Winds)
Consult with jurisdiction about additional uplift loads where
wind exposure is greater than Risk Category B.
Post to Beam
Ledger to House Framing
.Joist to Beam or Girder
Blocking or Bridging to Joist
Connector is required
See information on Sheet 5 and Sheet 6
(3) 8d — Toe nailed
(2) 10d Toe nailed ag each end
Wooden Deck Boards
(2) 8d threaded nails OR (2) No. 8 screws
Composite Decking
Follow manufacturer's instructions
GENERAL INFORMATION:
• The intent of this Tip Sheet is to provide a general understanding of the code requirements and does c , cdw.„e}
not address the subject in great detail.,
Additional information can be obtained from your local Pggiclpafing jurisdiction.
Page 4 of 6
Basic Decks
Span Table and Footing Schedule for Decks
Spans and footings assume the maximum 24" cantilever using Hem-Fir/Doug Fir No. 2 or better framing lumber.
Table impq 70 nsf Inariinn f 1 n ncf 10 4 I,, 4 - an --rr.... [_-r1 _
-
Joist Size
Joist
Spacing
Max. Joist
Span
-- - - -- - �GaI I]I yC rCaul .
Girder Beam Size and Max. Span Between Support Posts I Footing Type
4x6
Footing
4x8
Footing
4x10
Footing
4x12
Footing
12" o.c.
7'-5"
5'-11"
14x14
T-9"
16x16
9'-6"
18x18
11'-1"
18x18
2x6
16" o_c.
6'-9"
5'-11"
14x14
T-9"
16x16
9'-6"
18x18
11'-1"
18x18
24" O.C.
5'-9"
6'-3"
14x14
8'-9"
16x16
91'-0"
18x18
12'-10"
18x18
12" o.c.
9'-7"
4'-11"
14x14
6'-6"
16x16
8'-3"
18x18
10'-0"
20x20
2x8
16" O.C.
8`-8"
4'-11"
14x14
6'-6"
16x76
8'-3"
18x18
18x18
24" o.c.
7'-7"
5'-11"
14x14
T-9"
16x16
9'-6"
18x18
11'-1"
18x18
12" O.C.
13'-3"
T-6"
14x14
4'-8"
16x16
5'-11"
18x18
T-2"
18x18
2x10
16" o.c.
11'-6"
4'-1"
14x14
5'-5"
16x16
6'-11"
18x18
8'-5"
20x20
24" a_c_
9'-5"
4'-11"
14x14
6'-6"
16x16
8'-3"
18x18
10'-0"
20x20
12" o.c.
15'-5"
T-1"
14x14
4'-1"
16x16
5'-2"
16x16
6'-3"
18x18
2x12
16" a.c.
13'4"
—To
T-6"
1414
4'-8"
16x16
5'-11"
18x18
T-2"
18x18
24" o.c.
'-11"
4'-1"
11-1-
6'-11"
18x18
S'-5"
18x18
Fnntinrrc
rric4 F,�..r,
r, ...t..-���__.
.X16
- - ---�- ...--- ••--- ,^ •••••..... k�1 r Lima cacn way wrdrl a 3 c,earance m the notiom of the tooting.
Note: Footing sizes are based on decks designed with single span joists where there is no center bearing beam.
Deck Ledcier Connection to Band Joist a, b
(Reference IRC Table R507.2 - Deck live load = 60 psf, deck dead load = 10 psf, snow load <_ 40 psf)
For Sl: 1 inch = 25.4 mm, 1 foot = 304.8 mm, 1 pound per square foot = 0.0479 kPa.
Joist Span
Connection Details 6' and less 6'1" to 8' 81" to 1o' I 10'1"to 12` 12'1"to 14' 14'1" to 16' 16'1" to 18'
On -center spacing of fasteners
112 inch diameter lag screw with 1/222 16 13 11 g
inch maximum sheathing 1 8 7
'/z inch diameter bolt with'/ inch
maximum sheathing d 30 22 18 15 13 11 10
inch diameter bolt with 1 inch 26 19 16 13 11 10
maximum sheathing e 9
a. Ledgers shall be flashed in accordance with Section R703.4 to prevent water from contacting the house band joist.
b. Snow load shall not be assumed to act concurrently with live load.
C. The tip of the lag screw shall fully extend beyond the inside face of the band joist.
d. Sheathing shall be wood structural panel or solid sawn lumber.
e_ Sheathing shall be permitted to be wood structural panel, gypsum board, fiberboard, lumber or foam sheathing. Up
to 1/2-inch thickness of stacked washers shall be permitted to substitute for up to 1/2-inch of allowable sheathing
thickness where combined with wood structural panel or lumber sheathing.
GENERAL iNFORrMATION:
• The intent of this Tip Sheet is to Provide cl general understandir o of fho Code requirements and does eC yGvunet
not address the subject in great del oil. M
• Additional i, formation cart be obtained from your local parficipating 'urisdiction.
Page 5 of 6
Basic Decks
Placement of Lan Screws and Bolts in Ledgers and Band Joists
(Reference IR(; TahlP g;n7 9 11
_ .. . _ . _ _ . - �- . ..` .. I
Minimum End and Edge Distance and Spacing Between Rows
Top Edge
Bottom Edge
Ends
Row Spacing
Ledger a
2 inches d
3/4 inch
2 inches b
1 518 inches
Band joist °
314 inch
2 Inches e
2 inches 5
1 5/8 inches
rUI JI: I Inch = 25_4mrn
a. Lag screws or bolts must be staggered from the top and bottom along the horizontal run_ See figure below.
b. Maximum 5 inches.
c. For engineered rim joists, the manufacturer's recommendations govern.
d. The minimum distance from the bottom row to the top edge of the ledger must be in accordance with figure below.
e. 2 inches may be reduced to 3/4 inch when the band joist is directly supported by a mudsill, header, or by double top wall plates.
5" HAX
2"
Placement of Lag Screws and Bolts in Ledgers
(Reference IRC Figure 507.2.1(1))
LEDGER
LAG SCREW OR BOLT STAGGER FASTENERS
I /� IN 2 ROWS
5.5" MIN FOR 2X8 *
6.5" MIN FOR 2X10
7.5" MIN FOR 2X12
"T' P:IIN
"DISTANCE CAN BE REDUCED TO 4.5" IF LAG SCREWS
ARE USED OR IF BOLT SPACING IS REDUCED TO
THAT OF LAG SCREWS TO ATTACH 2X8 LEDGERS TO
2X8 BAND JOISTS.
Placement: of Laq Screws and Bolts in Ledgers
(Reference IRC Figure 507.2.1(2))
EXTERIOR SHEATHING
EXISTING STUD WALL
Existing 2x BAND JOIST
OR ENGINEERING RIM �--
BOARD
2" � N
DECK JOIST
s�ru•:�el o
Y MAX
_ LAG 5CREWS OR BOLTS
2" WN
" JOIST HANGER
GENERAL INFORMATION:
• The intent of this Tip Sheet is to provide a general understanding of the code requirements and does c�rYcd �r
not address the subject in great detail.
• Additional infcrmcstion can be obtained from your local warficilacting Jurisdiction.
Page 6 of 6
`MyBui Ldi ngPermit xom
a seryice of e0tyGoy.net Construction Tip Sheet 01
Basic Stairs
This tip sheet reflects code requirements of the 2018 International Residential Code (IRC) with
Washington State Amendments.
Landing
36" min. to near
obstruction
Nosing
314" - 1 114"
Figure 1: Typical Stair Treads and Risers
Stair Treads and Risers
Nosing required at solid
riser
At open risers, a sphere
4" in diameter cannot
pass through (except for
stairs with a total rise of
30" or less).
Protect enclosed
accessible space under
stairs with 112" gypsum
board.
❑ The largest tread or riser within any flight of stairs is not to exceed the smallest by more than
318 inches. (R311.7.5)
Illumination
❑ Interior stairways shall be provided with an artificial light source to illuminate landings and
treads. There shall be a wall switch at each floor level to control the light source where the
stairway has 6 or more risers. (R303.7)
❑ Exterior stairways shall be provided with an artificial light source located at the top landing of
the stairway and located at the bottom landing where accessing a basement. (R303.8)
Handrails
❑ Handrails are required on at least one side for stairways with four or more risers. See Tip Sheet
2 for additional information regarding handrails. (R311.7.8)
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Landings
❑ Landings are required at the top and the bottom of stairways. A floor landing is not required at
the top of an interior flight of stairs, provided a door does not swing over the stairs. (R311.7.6)
❑ A landing extending the width of the stair and measuring a minimum of 36 inches in the
direction of travel is required at the top and bottom of every stairway. (R311.7.6)
Circular, Winding, or Spiral Stairways
❑ For exceptions related to the construction of circular, winding, or spiral stairways, see IRC
R311.7.5.2.1 and R311.7.10.
Stair runs with 4 or more
risers require a handrail.
See Tip Sheet ? f^,
more informatic
requirements fc
handrails_
R311.7.8
Minimum required
stairway width is 36".
R311.7.1
Figure 2: Typical Stair Elevation
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January 22, 2021
Construction Tip Sheet 01
Overhead Obstruction
The minimum headroom of
a stair is 6'-8" (measured
vertically from the sloped
plane adjoining the tread
nosing). R311.7.2
14o more than 12'-7"
riches between floor
evels or landings.
R311.7.3
Figure 3: Headroom Clearance Requirements
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